Igama elithi "ibhethri" liye lavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze lihlanganise izinhlobonhlobo zezincazelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza.Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezempi kwasekuqaleni kuya kubuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla, umqondo wamabhethri wenze izinguquko ezinkulu.Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola incazelo yakudala yebhethri nokuthi ishintshe kanjani ekuqondeni kwesimanje kwaleli gama, ikakhulukazi kumongo wokugcinwa kwamandla nobuchwepheshe.
incazelo endala yebhethri
Incazelo yakudala yebhethri ihlehlela emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 futhi yayihlotshaniswa kakhulu namaqhinga ezempi nezimpi.Kulo mongo, ibhethri libhekisela eqenjini lezikhali ezisindayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlasela izinqaba noma izindawo zesitha.Lezi zibhamu zivame ukuhlelwa ngokulandelana noma iqoqo, futhi amandla azo okudubula ahlangene angaletha amagobolondo abhubhisayo.Igama elithi “ibhethri” lisuselwa egameni lesiFulentshi elithi “ibhethri,” elisho “isenzo sokushaya.”
Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni kwayo ezimweni zempi, igama elithi "ibhethri" liphinde libe nezincazelo ezingokomthetho.Ngomthetho ojwayelekile wesiNgisi, ukushaya ukusebenzisa amandla okungekho emthethweni komunye umuntu, okubangela ukulimala emzimbeni noma ukulimala.Le ncazelo yokushaya isaqashelwa ezinhlelweni zomthetho zesimanje futhi ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemibono ebanzi yokushaya nokushaywa.
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bebhethri
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kube uhambo olumangalisayo, olunenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekugcinweni nasekukhiqizeni amandla.Nakuba incazelo yasekuqaleni yebhethri yayisekelwe ezimpini namandla aphathekayo, igama kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye lanwetshwa ukuze lihlanganise nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwamandla kagesi.
Ibhethri yesimanje, njengoba silazi namuhla, iyithuluzi eligcina amandla amakhemikhali futhi liwaguqule libe amandla kagesi ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali okulawulwayo.Lawa mandla agciniwe angabese esesetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinhlobonhlobo zemishini, kusukela kwezincane zikagesi kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla esikalini segridi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri lokuqala langempela kuthiwa kwenziwa usosayensi wase-Italy u-Alessandro Volta, owasungula ibhethri ye-voltaic ngo-1800. Leli bhethri lakuqala lalihlanganisa izingqimba ezishintshanayo zamadiski e-zinc nawethusi ahlukaniswe amakhadibhodi afakwe emanzini anosawoti, asebenza njenge-electrolyte.Inqwaba ye-voltaic iyithuluzi lokuqala elikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi aqhubekayo, okumaka ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile emlandweni wobuchwepheshe bebhethri.
Kusukela emsebenzini kaVolta wokuphayona, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buqhubekile nokuvela, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri, okuhlanganisa i-lead-acid, i-nickel-cadmium, i-lithium-ion kanye, muva nje, amabhethri aqinile.Le ntuthuko ivumele ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezinto zikagesi eziphathwayo, izimoto zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo, okuguqule indlela esinika amandla ngayo umhlaba wesimanje.
Indima yamabhethri emphakathini wanamuhla
Emhlabeni wanamuhla oxhumene futhi oqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, amabhethri adlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla amadivayisi namasistimu ahlukahlukene.Kusukela kuma-smartphone namalaptop kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nesitoreji samandla avuselelekayo, amabhethri abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke.
Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu zamabhethri emphakathini wanamuhla kumkhakha wokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo.Njengoba umhlaba uguqukela esimweni samandla esimeme futhi esivumelana nemvelo, isidingo sezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokugcina amandla siya ngokuya sibaluleke kakhulu.Amabhethri, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium-ion, abe isisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukugcina amandla amaningi akhiqizwa emithonjeni efana nelanga nomoya.
Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zingenye indawo enkulu lapho amabhethri eshayela khona ushintsho olukhulu.Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezimoto zikagesi namabhasi kuncike ekutholakaleni kwezinhlelo zebhethri ezisebenza kahle nezihlala isikhathi eside.Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe bebhethri ikhulise ukuminyana kwamandla, isivinini sokushaja kanye nokusebenza kukonke, okwenza izimoto zikagesi zibe enye indlela esebenzayo nekhangayo kunezimoto ezivamile zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
Ngokungeziwe kuma-elekthronikhi womthengi nezokuthutha, amabhethri adlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni amasistimu wamandla angaphandle kwegridi nakude.Ezindaweni ezinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kumandla wegridi athembekile, amabhethri anikeza indlela yokugcina amandla ukuze asetshenziswe ngezikhathi zokukhanya okuphansi noma okungekho kwelanga noma umoya.Lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ekufakweni kukagesi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nemizamo yokusiza ezinhlekeleleni.
Izinselele zobuchwepheshe bebhethri namathuba
Nakuba intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ihlaba umxhwele, kusenezinselelo okudingeka zibhekwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukuphepha, nokusimama.Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ukuthembela ezintweni eziyivelakancane nezizwela imvelo njenge-cobalt ne-lithium ekukhiqizeni amabhethri e-lithium-ion.Ukukhishwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwalezi zinto kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo nezenhlalo, okwenza kube nesidingo sezinqubo zokuhlonza ezisimeme kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha.
Enye inselele ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri nokuphathwa kokuphela kwempilo.Njengoba isidingo samabhethri siqhubeka sikhula, liyanda nenani lamabhethri asetshenzisiwe adinga ukugaywa kabusha noma ukulahlwa ngokuzibophezela.Ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokuvuselela kabusha ezisebenzayo nezingabizi kubalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wemvelo wokumosheka kwebhethri kanye nokuthola izinto ezibalulekile ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinselelo, akhona amathuba abalulekile obuchwepheshe bebhethri.Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuminyana kwamandla, impilo yomjikelezo nokuphepha kwamabhethri, kanye nokuhlola ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo namakhemistri ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu futhi anciphise umthelela wendawo.Isibonelo, amabhethri esimo esiqinile amele indlela ethembisayo yesizukulwane esilandelayo samadivayisi okugcina amandla, anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukushaja okusheshayo, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion evamile.
Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bebhethri
Uma ubheka phambili, ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bebhethri linesithembiso esihle sokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo nokuthuthuka.Isidingo sezixazululo zokugcinwa kwamandla siyaqhubeka nokukhula, siqhutshwa ukushintshela kumandla avuselelekayo kanye nokufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha, okuwumfutho oqinile wokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusebenza kahle, obuqhubekayo futhi obungabizi kakhulu.
Emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nemizamo yokuthuthukisa igxile ekwandiseni ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokushaja kanye nokwelula impilo yephakethe lebhethri.Le ntuthuko ibalulekile ekusheshiseni ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nohlu lwengqalasizinda yokukhathazeka kanye nokushaja.
Emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla njengamabhethri esikali segridi kanye nezixazululo zesitoreji esisabalalisiwe kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumeleni ukuthunyelwa okungenazihibe nokuthembekile kwelanga, umoya kanye neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile.Ngokunikeza indlela yokugcina amandla engeziwe futhi inikeze uma kudingeka, amabhethri angasiza ukulinganisela ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo, athuthukise ukuqina kwegridi, futhi asekele ukushintshela ohlelweni lwamandla oluzinzile futhi oluqinile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe bebhethri ne-digitalization kanye nezixazululo zegridi ehlakaniphile kunikeza amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwamandla, ukuphendula kwesidingo kanye nokuguquguquka kwegridi.Ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okulawula athuthukile kanye nezibalo zokubikezela, amabhethri angahlanganiswa abe amanethiwekhi wamandla ahlakaniphile ukuze aphendule ngokuguqukayo ezimweni eziguqukayo futhi alungiselele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Kafushane, incazelo yakudala yebhethri njengegama lezempi iguqukele ekuqondeni kwesimanje okuhlanganisa ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.Umqondo wamabhethri wasuka empini namandla abonakalayo futhi usuguquke waba ingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi wanamuhla, ovumela ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezinto zikagesi eziphathwayo, izimoto zikagesi, nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo.Uma sibheka phambili, intuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri inesithembiso esihle sokuxazulula izinselelo zokugcinwa kwamandla, ukusimama kanye nomthelela wemvelo, okuvula indlela yekusasa lamandla elisebenza ngempumelelo, eliqinile neliqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-23-2024