Njenge "inkanyezi" yochungechunge lwemboni yebhethri ye-lithium kusukela ngo-2021, intengo ye-lithium carbonate iguquguquke kakhulu eminyakeni emibili edlule.Yake yafinyelela phezulu futhi yaqonda enanini lika-600,000 yuan/ton.Isidingo engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023 futhi ngesikhathi sokudla, sehle safinyelela ku-170,000 yuan/ton.Ngaso leso sikhathi, njengoba ikusasa le-lithium carbonate selizokwethulwa, i-SMM izohlinzeka abafundi ngokubuyekezwa okuphelele kokubukezwa kochungechunge lwezimboni ze-lithium, ukuphela kwensiza, ukuphela kokuncibilikisa, ukuphela kwesidingo, iphethini yokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo, ifomu lokusayina i-oda kanye nendlela yokubeka amanani. kulesi sihloko.
Uhlolojikelele lwe-lithium industry chain:
Njengengxenye yensimbi enesisindo esincane kunazo zonke se-athomu, i-lithium inomthamo omkhulu wokushaja kanye nongqimba oluzinzile lwe-electron ephindwe kabili yohlobo lwe-helium.Inomsebenzi we-electrochemical onamandla ngokwedlulele futhi ingasabela nezinye izinto zokwakha izinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene.Kuyinto enhle kakhulu yokukhiqiza amabhethri.Inketho engcono kakhulu.Ochungechungeni lwezimboni ze-lithium, ukunyuka komfula kuhlanganisa izinsiza zamaminerali ze-lithium ezifana ne-spodumene, i-lepidolite, ne-salt lake brine.Ngemuva kokuthi izinsiza ze-lithium zikhishwe, zingacutshungulwa kusixhumanisi ngasinye ukuze zikhiqize usawoti we-lithium oyinhloko, usawoti we-lithium wesibili / amaningi, i-Lithium yensimbi nezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo.Imikhiqizo esesigabeni sokuqala sokucubungula ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa usawoti we-lithium oyinhloko njenge-lithium carbonate, i-lithium hydroxide, ne-lithium chloride;ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kungakhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-lithium yesibili noma eminingi efana ne-lithium iron phosphate, i-lithium cobalt oxide, i-lithium hexafluorophosphate, ne-metallic lithium.Imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-lithium ingasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni esafufusa njengamabhethri e-lithium, i-ceramics, ingilazi, ama-alloys, ama-greases, amafriji, imithi, imboni yenuzi kanye ne-optoelectronics.
Isiphetho sensiza ye-Lithium:
Ngokombono wezinhlobo zezinsiza ze-lithium, zingahlukaniswa zibe imigqa emibili eyinhloko: izinto eziyinhloko nezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha.Phakathi kwazo, izinsiza ze-lithium zezinto zokusetshenziswa zitholakala ikakhulukazi ku-salt lake brine, i-spodumene ne-lepidolite.Izinto ezigaywe kabusha ngokuyinhloko zithola izinsiza ze-lithium ngamabhethri e-lithium asethathe umhlalaphansi kanye nokugaywa kabusha.
Kusukela endleleni yempahla eluhlaza, ukugxilwa kokusatshalaliswa kwemithombo ye-lithium iyonke kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva ekhishwe yi-USGS, insiza ye-lithium yomhlaba wonke iphelele amathani ayizigidi ezingama-22 wensimbi ye-lithium elinganayo.Phakathi kwawo, amazwe amahlanu aphezulu ezinsizeni ze-lithium emhlabeni yiChile, i-Australia, i-Argentina, i-China, ne-United States, ibalwa ku-87% isiyonke, kanti izindawo ezigciniwe zaseChina zenza u-7%.
Ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezinsiza, amachibi anosawoti okwamanje angumthombo oyinhloko wezinsiza ze-lithium emhlabeni, ezisatshalaliswa kakhulu eChile, e-Argentina, eChina nakwezinye izindawo;izimayini ze-spodumene zisakazwa ikakhulukazi e-Australia, eCanada, e-United States, e-China nakwezinye izindawo, futhi ukuhlushwa kokusabalalisa izinsiza kungaphansi kwechibi likasawoti futhi kuwuhlobo lwezinsiza ezinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhishwa kwe-lithium kwezohwebo okwamanje;Izinqolobane ze-lepidolite zincane futhi zigxile eJiangxi, eChina.
Uma sibheka ekuphumeni kwezinsiza ze-lithium, inani eliphelele lezinsiza ze-lithium emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 kuzoba amathani angama-840,000 e-LCE.Kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele izinga lokukhula kwaminyaka yonke elihlanganisiwe lama-21% kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2026, lifinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.56 e-LCE ngo-2026. Ngokwamazwe, i-CR3 yi-Australia, Chile, ne-China, ehlanganisa isamba esingu-86%, okubonisa izinga eliphezulu lokugxila.
Mayelana nezinhlobo zezinto ezingavuthiwe, i-pyroxene isazoba uhlobo lwempahla eluhlaza evelele esikhathini esizayo.I-Salt Lake iwuhlobo lwesibili olukhulu lwempahla eluhlaza, futhi i-mica isazodlala indima eyengeziwe.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuzoba negagasi lokuchithwa ngemuva kuka-2022. Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemfucuza ephakathi kokukhiqizwa kanye nemfucuza yokuyeka ukusebenza, kanye nempumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kobuchwepheshe bokukhishwa kwe-lithium, kuzothuthukisa ukukhula okusheshayo kokukhiqizwa kabusha kwevolumu yokukhipha i-lithium.Kulindeleke ukuthi izinto ezigaywe kabusha zizofinyelela ku-8% ngo-2026. Ingxenye ye-lithium resource supply.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Isiphetho sokuncibilikisa i-lithium:
I-China iyizwe elinomkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu wokuncibilikisa i-lithium emhlabeni.Uma sibheka izifundazwe, izindawo zaseChina zokukhiqiza i-lithium carbonate zisekelwe ikakhulukazi ekusatshalalisweni kwezinsiza kanye namabhizinisi okuncibilikisa.Izifundazwe ezinkulu ezikhiqizayo yiJiangxi, Sichuan kanye neQinghai.I-Jiangxi yisifundazwe esinokusabalalisa kwemithombo ye-lepidolite enkulu kunazo zonke e-China, futhi inamandla okukhiqiza izinkampani ezincibilikisayo ezaziwayo ezifana ne-Ganfeng Lithium Industry, ekhiqiza i-lithium carbonate ne-lithium hydroxide ngokusebenzisa i-spodumene evela kwamanye amazwe;ISichuan yisifundazwe esinemithombo emikhulu ye-pyroxene ukusatshalaliswa eChina, futhi ibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydroxide.Isikhungo sokukhiqiza i-Lithium.I-Qinghai yisifundazwe esikhulu kunazo zonke sase-China esitholakala echibini likasawoti i-lithium.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Mayelana nezinkampani, ngokwe-lithium carbonate, inani eliphelele le-lithium carbonate ngo-2022 lizoba amathani angu-350,000, lapho izinkampani ze-CR10 zibalelwa ku-69%, futhi iphethini yokukhiqiza igxile kakhulu.Phakathi kwazo, i-Jiangxi Zhicun Lithium Industry inomphumela omkhulu kunayo yonke, ibala u-9% womkhiqizo wayo.Akekho umholi ophelele embonini.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Mayelana ne-lithium hydroxide, inani eliphelele lokukhipha ngo-2022 lizoba amathani angu-243,000, lapho izinkampani ze-CR10 zibalelwa ku-74%, futhi iphethini yokukhiqiza igxile kakhulu kune-lithium carbonate.Phakathi kwazo, i-Ganfeng Lithium Industry, inkampani enomkhiqizo omkhulu kunayo yonke, yenza ama-24% omkhiqizo usuphelele, futhi umphumela oholayo usobala.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Uhlangothi lwesidingo se-Lithium:
Isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwe-lithium singahlukaniswa ngemikhakha emibili emikhulu: imboni yebhethri ye-lithium kanye nezimboni zendabuko.Ngokukhula okukhulu kwamandla namandla emakethe yokugcina amandla ekhaya naphesheya, ingxenye yesidingo sebhethri ye-lithium ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele kwe-lithium sikhuphuka unyaka nonyaka.Ngokwezibalo ze-SMM, phakathi kuka-2016 no-2022, ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwe-lithium carbonate endaweni yebhethri ye-lithium inyuke isuka ku-78% yaya ku-93%, kuyilapho i-lithium hydroxide yeqa isuka ngaphansi kuka-1% yaya cishe ku-95%+.Ngokombono wemakethe, isidingo esiphelele embonini yebhethri ye-lithium siqhutshwa ikakhulukazi izimakethe ezintathu ezinkulu zamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa:
Imakethe yamandla: Iqhutshwa izinqubomgomo zokufaka ugesi emhlabeni wonke, ukuguqulwa kwenkampani yezimoto kanye nesidingo semakethe, isidingo semakethe yamandla sizofinyelela ukukhula okuqhumayo ngo-2021-2022, okubala ukubusa okuphelele kwesidingo sebhethri le-lithium, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi silondoloze ukukhula okuzinzile esikhathini eside..
Imakethe yokugcina amandla: Ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezifana nenkinga yamandla nezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, izimakethe ezintathu ezinkulu zase-China, i-Europe, ne-United States zizosebenzisana futhi zizoba yindawo yesibili enkulu yokukhula kwesidingo sebhethri ye-lithium.
Imakethe yabathengi: Imakethe iyonke iyagcwala, futhi izinga lokukhula lesikhathi eside kulindeleke ukuthi libe phansi.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Sekukonke, isidingo samabhethri e-lithium sizokhuphuka ngo-52% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2022, futhi sizokhula kancane kancane ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esiyinhlanganisela sama-35% ukusuka ku-2022 kuya ku-2026, okuzothuthukisa futhi isabelo semboni yebhethri ye-lithium yesidingo se-lithium. .Ngokuya ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, imakethe yokugcina amandla inezinga eliphezulu lokukhula.Imakethe kagesi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka njengoba izimoto zamandla amasha emhlabeni ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka.Imakethe yabathengi incike kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili kanye nemikhiqizo emisha yabathengi njengama-drones, i-e-cigarettes, namadivayisi agqokekayo.Izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lingama-8% kuphela.
Ngokombono wezinkampani eziqondile zabathengi be-lithium usawoti, ngokwe-lithium carbonate, isidingo esiphelele ngo-2022 sizoba amathani angu-510,000.Izinkampani zabathengi zigxile kakhulu ezinkampanini zezinto ezibonakalayo ze-lithium iron phosphate cathode kanye nezinkampani zezinto ezibonakalayo ze-nickel ternary cathode ezimaphakathi neziphansi, kanti izinkampani ezansi nomfula zigxile ekusetshenzisweni.Idigri iphansi, lapho i-CR12 yenza u-44%, enomthelela oqinile womsila omude kanye nephethini ehlakazekile ngokuqhathaniswa.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Ngokuya nge-lithium hydroxide, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele ngo-2022 kuzoba amathani ayi-140,000.Ukugxila kwezinkampani zabathengi ezansi nomfula kuphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo ye-lithium carbonate.I-CR10 yenza ama-87%.Iphethini igxile kakhulu.Ngokuzayo, njengoba izinkampani ezahlukahlukene ze-ternary cathode material zizothuthuka Nge-nicklization ephezulu, ukugxilwa kwezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Isakhiwo sokuhlinzekwa kwensiza ye-Lithium nesidingo:
Kusukela kumbono ophelele wokuhlinzeka nokufunwa, i-lithium empeleni isiqede umjikelezo phakathi kuka-2015 no-2019. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2017, ukufunwa kwamandla amasha kufinyelele ukukhula okusheshayo okugqugquzelwa uxhaso lukahulumeni.Kodwa-ke, izinga lokukhula kwezinsiza ze-lithium alizange lisheshe njengesidingo, okubangele ukungafani phakathi kokunikezwa nokufunwa.Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuba uxhaso lukahulumeni lwehlile ngo-2019, isidingo sokugcina sancipha ngokushesha, kodwa amaphrojekthi ezinsizakusebenza ze-Lithium afika kancane kancane ekukhiqizeni, futhi i-lithium ingene ngokusemthethweni emjikelezweni wensalela.Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkampani eziningi zezimayini zamemezela ukuthi ziqomile, futhi imboni yaqala umjikelezo woshintsho.
Lo mjikelezo wezimboni uqala ekupheleni kuka-2020:
2021-2022: Isidingo setheminali siqhuma ngokushesha, sakha ukungafani nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza ze-lithium ezikhuphuka nomfula.Kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2022, amanye amaphrojekthi ezimayini ze-lithium amisiwe emjikelezweni wokugcina wensalela azoqalwa kabusha ngokulandelana, kodwa kusenokushoda okukhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sikhathi sasiyisiteji lapho amanani e-lithium ekhuphuka ngokushesha.
2023-2024: Ukuqaliswa kabusha kwamaphrojekthi wokukhiqiza + amaphrojekthi asanda kwakhiwa endaweni eluhlaza kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ekukhiqizeni ngokulandelana phakathi kuka-2023 no-2024. Izinga lokukhula kwesidingo samandla amasha alishesha njengalelo esigabeni sokuqala sokuqubuka, kanye nezinga insalela yezinsiza izofinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu ngo-2024.
2025-2026: Izinga lokukhula kwezinsiza ze-lithium ezikhuphuka nomfula lingase lehle ngenxa yensalela eqhubekayo.Uhlangothi lwesidingo luzoqhutshwa inkambu yokugcina amandla, futhi insalela izoncishiswa ngempumelelo.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Isimo sokusayina usawoti we-lithium kanye nendlela yokuhlala
Izindlela zokusayinda i-oda likasawoti we-lithium ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ama-oda esikhathi eside nama-oda anguziro.Ama-oda ayiziro angachazwa njengohwebo oluvumelana nezimo.Amaqembu ahwebayo awavumelani ngemikhiqizo yokuhweba, amanani, nezindlela zokufaka amanani phakathi nesikhathi esithile, futhi athole amakhotheshini azimele;phakathi kwabo, imiyalo yesikhathi eside ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:
Ifomula yokukhiya ivolumu: Ivolumu yokuhlinzeka kanye nendlela yentengo yokukhokha kuvunyelwana kusengaphambili.Intengo yesinxephezelo izosekelwe enanini elimaphakathi lanyanga zonke (i-SMM) lenkundla yezinkampani zangaphandle, engezwe yi-coefficient yokulungisa, ukuze kuzuzwe inkokhelo esekelwe emakethe ngokuguquguquka okumaphakathi.
Ukukhiya ivolumu nokukhiya intengo: Ivolumu yokuhlinzeka kanye nenani lokukhokha kuvunyelwana kusengaphambili, futhi intengo yokukhokha imisiwe emjikelezweni wokukhokha wesikhathi esizayo.Uma intengo isikhiyiwe, ngeke ishintshwe esikhathini esizayo/ngemuva kokuthi kuqaliswe indlela yokulungisa, umthengi nomthengisi bazophinde bavumelane nenani elingaguquki, elinokuguquguquka okuphansi.
Inani lokukhiya kuphela: yakha kuphela isivumelwano somlomo/esibhaliwe mayelana nenani lokuhlinzeka, kodwa asikho isivumelwano sangaphambili mayelana nendlela yokukhokha intengo yezimpahla, evumelana nezimo kakhulu.
Phakathi kuka-2021 no-2022, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okubukhali kwentengo, iphethini yokusayina kanye nendlela yokubeka intengo kasawoti we-lithium nakho kuyashintsha buthule.Ngokombono wezindlela zokusayina inkontileka, ngo-2022, izinkampani ezingama-40% zizosebenzisa indlela yokubiza amanani evala kuphela umthamo, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukunikezwa emakethe ye-lithium kuqinile futhi amanani aphezulu.Ukuze kuvikelwe inzuzo, izinkampani ezincibilikisa umfula zivame ukusebenzisa indlela yokukhiya umthamo kodwa hhayi intengo;ngokuzayo, Bheka, njengoba ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo sibuyela ekuphusheni, abathengi nabathengisi sebeyizimfuno eziyinhloko zokuhlinzeka nokuzinza kwentengo.Kulindeleke ukuthi ingxenye yevolumu yokukhiya yesikhathi eside kanye nokukhiywa kwefomula (exhunywe nenani le-SMM lithium kasawoti ukuze kufinyelelwe ekuxhunyweni kwefomula) izokhuphuka.
Ngokombono wabathengi bakasawoti we-lithium, ngaphezu kokuthengwa okuqondile yizinkampani zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwanda kwabathengi bakasawoti we-lithium ezinkampanini zokugcina (ibhethri, izinkampani zezimoto, nezinye izinkampani zezimayini zensimbi) kuye kwacebisa izinhlobo eziphelele zezinkampani zokuthenga.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi abadlali abasha kufanele bacabangele Ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwemboni nokujwayelana nentengo yezinsimbi ezivuthiwe kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomthelela othile endleleni yamanani embonini.Ingxenye yemodeli yentengo yefomula yevolumu yokukhiya yama-oda esikhathi eside inyukile.
Konke mayelana ne-lithium!Uhlolojikelele oluphelele lwe-lithium industry chain
Ngokombono ophelele, ochungechungeni lwezimboni ze-lithium, intengo kasawoti we-lithium isiphenduke isizinda samanani salo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, okukhuthaza ukudluliswa kwamanani okubushelelezi nezindleko phakathi kwezixhumanisi ezihlukene zezimboni.Ukubheka ngezigaba:
I-Lithium Ore – Lithium Salt: Ngokusekelwe enanini likasawoti we-lithium, i-lithium ore inenani elintantayo ngokwabelana ngenzuzo.
I-Precursor - isixhumanisi se-cathode: Iqinisa intengo kasawoti we-lithium kanye nosawoti wensimbi, futhi iphindaphindwe ngokusetshenziswa kweyunithi kanye ne-coefficient yesaphulelo ukuze kuzuzwe izibuyekezo zokuxhumanisa amanani.
I-electrode eqondile - iseli yebhethri: iqinisa intengo kasawoti wensimbi futhi iwuphindaphinde ngokusetshenziswa kweyunithi kanye ne-coefficient yesaphulelo ukuze kuzuzwe izibuyekezo zokuxhumanisa amanani
Iseli yebhethri - i-OEM/isihlanganisi: Hlukanisa inani lentengo ye-cathode/lithium kasawoti (usawoti we-lithium ungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa ku-cathode).Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile zisebenzisa indlela yentengo engashintshi.Ngokuguquguquka kwentengo kasawoti we-lithium, kusayinwa indlela yokunxeshezelwa kwentengo., ukufeza ukukhokhwa kokuxhumanisa amanani.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-06-2023