I-International Energy Agency ithe umhlaba ubhekene “nenkinga yeqiniso yamandla kagesi emhlabeni wonke” ngenxa yokuhlasela kweRussia i-Ukraine kanye nemikhawulo eyalandela ekusetshenzisweni kwegesi yaseRussia.Nansi indlela i-UK, Germany, France kanye ne-US asabela ngayo kule nkinga.
Ngo-2008, i-UK yaba yizwe lokuqala le-G7 ukungena emthethweni ukuzibophezela kwayo ekukhipheni igesi ebamba ukushisa engu-zero ngo-2050. Nakuba i-UK iphishekela ngokuqhubekayo izinguquko zomthetho ukuze kukhuthazwe umkhakha wezindlu ezithengiswayo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ukuvela kokuphepha kwamandla. Inkinga ngo-2022 ikhombisile ukuthi lezi zinguquko zidinga ukusheshiswa.
Ephendula ekukhuphukeni kwamanani entengo yamandla, uhulumeni wase-UK waphasisa uMthetho Wamanani Amandla Kagesi 2022 ngo-Okthoba 2022, ohlose ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwezindleko zamandla ezindlini namabhizinisi kanye nokubavikela ekuguquguqukeni kwentengo yegesi ekhuphukayo.UHlelo Lokulekelela Umthethosivivinywa Wamandla, olunikeza amabhizinisi izaphulelo emananini kagesi izinyanga eziyisithupha, luzothathelwa indawo UHlelo Olusha Lokubuyiswa Umthethosivivinywa Wamandla wamabhizinisi, izinhlangano ezisiza abantulayo kanye nezinhlangano zezinkampani zikahulumeni olwaqala ngoMbasa kulo nyaka.
E-UK, sibona futhi ukuphusha kwangempela ekukhiqizeni ugesi onekhabhoni ephansi kusuka ezintweni ezivuselelekayo namandla enuzi.
Uhulumeni wase-UK uzibophezele ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kwe-UK emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngenhloso yokususa ikhabhoni ohlelweni lukagesi lwase-UK ngo-2035. NgoJanuwari walo nyaka, kwasayinwa ukuqashiswa kwephrojekthi yomoya ogwini lolwandle engase inikeze amandla afinyelela ku-8 GW wamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle. - anele ukunika amandla amakhaya afinyelela ezigidini eziyisikhombisa e-UK.
Ukubeka phambili izinto ezivuselelekayo ku-ajenda njengoba kunezimpawu zokuthi amabhayela amasha afutha igesi ezindlini angase aqedwe futhi kuyaqhubeka ukuhlolwa kokusebenzisa i-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla ohlukile.
Ukwengeza endleleni ugesi ahlinzekwa ngayo endaweni eyakhelwe kuyo, kwenziwa imizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ukonga ugesi ezakhiweni, futhi kulo nyaka kuzoba nezinguquko Emazingeni Okusebenza Kahle Kagesi Okuncane.Ngonyaka odlule siphinde sabona ukubuyekezwa obekudingeka kakhulu kokuthi ikhabhoni ikalwa kanjani ekwakheni izilinganiso zezitifiketi zamandla ukuze kulandelwe umnikelo owengeziwe wezinto ezivuselelekayo ekuphehleni ugesi (nakuba ukusebenzisa igesi ezakhiweni manje kungase kusho izilinganiso eziphansi).
Kukhona futhi iziphakamiso zokushintsha indlela ukonga kukagesi okugadwa ngayo ezakhiweni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano (kulindwe umphumela wezingxoxo zikahulumeni mayelana nalokhu) kanye nokuchibiyela amakhodi okwakha angonyaka odlule ukuze kuvunyelwe ukufakwa kwezindawo zokushaja izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi engeziwe ekuthuthukisweni.Lezi ngezinye zezinguquko ezenzekayo, kodwa zikhombisa ukuthi kunenqubekelaphambili ezindaweni ezibanzi.
Inkinga kagesi ngokusobala icindezela amabhizinisi, futhi ngaphezu kwezinguquko ezishiwo ngenhla zomthetho, amanye amabhizinisi anqume ukunciphisa amahora okusebenza ukuze anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwamandla.Siphinde sibone amabhizinisi ethatha izinyathelo ezingokoqobo, ezinjengokwehlisa amazinga okushisa ukuze ehlise izindleko zokushisisa nokubheka izindawo ezonga amandla amaningi lapho ecabangela ukuthutha.
NgoSepthemba 2022, uHulumeni wase-UK wagunyaza ukubuyekezwa okuzimele okubizwa ngokuthi “I-Mission Zero” ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi i-UK ingahlangabezana kanjani kangcono nezibopho zayo eziphelele ngenxa yenkinga yamandla emhlabeni wonke.
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuhloswe ukuhlonza okuhlosiwe okufinyelelekayo, okuphumelelayo futhi okulungele ibhizinisi kwesu lase-UK le-Net Zero futhi kukhombisa ukuthi indlela eya phambili icacile.Uziro ohlanzekile unquma ngokusobala imithetho nezinqumo zezombusazwe esitolo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yezindlu zaseJalimane ibhekane nezinselelo ezinkulu ngakolunye uhlangothi ngenxa yezinyathelo ze-Covid-19 futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ngenxa yenkinga yamandla.
Nakuba imboni yenze amagxathu ekusebenzeni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi eminyakeni yamuva nje ngokwenza isimanjemanje kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bezakhiwo eziluhlaza, ukwesekwa kukahulumeni nakho kubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekubhekaneni nale nkinga.
Okokuqala, uhulumeni waseJalimane wamukele uhlelo olunezigaba ezintathu olunezimo eziphuthumayo lokuhlinzekwa kwegesi yemvelo.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukuvikeleka kwempahla kungagcinwa kangakanani ezigabeni ezahlukene ezibucayi.Umbuso unelungelo lokungenelela ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlinzekwa kwegesi kubathengi abathile abavikelwe njengezibhedlela, amaphoyisa noma abathengi basekhaya.
Okwesibili, mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kukagesi, ukuthi kungenzeka yini lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukucima" manje kuxoxwa ngakho.Esimeni sesimo esibikezelwe kunethiwekhi, lapho amandla amaningi esetshenziswa kunalawo akhiqizwayo, ama-TSO kuqala aphendukela ekusebenziseni izinqolobane ezikhona zezitshalo zamandla.Uma lokhu kungenele, ukuvalwa kwesikhashana nokuhleliwe kuzocatshangelwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezichazwe ngenhla zibeka izinkinga ezisobala embonini yezindlu nezindlu.Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezinhlelo ezikhombise imiphumela elinganisekayo, okuholele ekongeni kukagesi okungaphezu kuka-10% kanye negesi yemvelo engaphezu kuka-30%.
Imithetho kahulumeni waseJalimane yokonga amandla ibeka uhlaka oluyisisekelo lwalokhu.Ngaphansi kwale mithethonqubo, abanikazi bezindlu kumele bandise izinhlelo zokushisisa igesi ezakhiweni zabo futhi bahlole kabanzi ukushisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili abanikazi bezindlu nabaqashi kufanele banciphise ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokukhangisa zangaphandle nemishini yokukhanyisa, baqinisekise ukuthi indawo yehhovisi ikhanya kuphela ngezikhathi zokusebenza, futhi behlise izinga lokushisa emagcekeni libe ngamavelu avunyelwe umthetho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvunyelwe ukugcina iminyango yezitolo ivuliwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukungena komoya wangaphandle.Izitolo eziningi zinciphise ngokuzithandela amahora okuvula ukuze zihambisane nemithethonqubo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni uhlose ukusabela kule nkinga ngokwehlisa amanani kusukela kule nyanga.Lokhu kunciphisa amanani egesi kanye nogesi abe inani elithile elingaguquki.Kodwa-ke, ukuze kugcinwe isisusa sokusebenzisa amandla amancane, abathengi bazokhokha amanani aphezulu kuqala, futhi yilapho kuphela lapho bezothola khona uxhaso.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokuphehla amandla enuzi obekufanele zivalwe manje zizoqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube ngu-April 2023, ngaleyo ndlela zithole ugesi.
Enkingeni yamanje yamandla, iFrance igxile ekufundiseni amabhizinisi nemizi ukuthi banganciphisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kukagesi negesi.Uhulumeni waseFrance uyalele izwe ukuthi liqikelele ukuthi liwasebenzisa kanjani futhi nini amandla ukugwema ukunqanyulwa kwegesi noma ugesi.
Esikhundleni sokubeka imingcele yangempela neyimpoqo ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ngamabhizinisi nemizi, uhulumeni uzama ukubasiza basebenzise amandla ngokuhlakanipha nangezindleko eziphansi, kuyilapho benciphisa izindleko zamandla.
Uhulumeni waseFrance uphinde uhlinzeke ngosizo lwezezimali, ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezincane, ezidlulela nasezinkampanini ezisebenzisa amandla amakhulu.
Olunye usizo lunikezwe imindeni yaseFrance ukusiza abantu ukuthi bakhokhe izikweletu zabo zikagesi - noma yimuphi umndeni osezingeni elithile lomholo uthola lolu sizo ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ngokwesibonelo, kwanikezwa usizo olwengeziwe kulabo ababedinga imoto yomsebenzi.
Sekukonke, uhulumeni waseFrance akathathanga isikhundla esisha esiqine ngokukhethekile enkingeni yamandla, njengoba kuye kwashaywa imithetho ehlukahlukene yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezakhiwo.Lokhu kubandakanya ukuvinjelwa kokuhlala kwezakhiwo esikhathini esizayo ngabaqashi uma bengahlangabezani nesilinganiso esithile samandla.
Inkinga yamandla akuyona nje inkinga kuhulumeni waseFrance, kodwa futhi nezinkampani, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka okukhulayo kwemigomo ye-ESG abazibekela yona.E-France, izinkampani zizama ukuthola izindlela zokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla (kanye nenzuzo), kodwa zisazimisele ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngisho noma kungenazindleko kuzo.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinkampani ezizama ukuthola izindlela zokuphinda zisebenzise ukushisa kukadoti, noma amaseva esikhungo sedatha abasebenzisa ama-opharetha abapholisa amazinga okushisa ehlise izinga lokushisa ngemva kokuba sebenqume ukuthi bangasebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi.Silindele ukuthi lezi zinguquko ziqhubeke zenzeka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa izindleko eziphezulu zamandla nokubaluleka okukhulayo kwe-ESG.
I-US ibhekana nenkinga yayo yamandla ngokunikeza ikhefu lentela kubanikazi bezakhiwo ukuze bafake futhi bakhiqize amandla avuselelekayo.Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu mayelana nalokhu uMthetho Wokwehliswa Kokwehla Kwamandla Emali, okuyothi, lapho uphasiswa ngo-2022, ube wutshalomali olukhulu kunawo wonke owake wawenza e-United States ekulweni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.I-US ilinganisela ukuthi i-IRA izohlinzeka ngemali elinganiselwa ku-$370 billion (£306 billion) ngesikhuthazo.
Izikhuthazo ezibaluleke kakhulu zabanikazi bezakhiwo yilezi (i) ikhredithi yentela yotshalo-zimali kanye (ii) nekhredithi yentela yokukhiqiza, kokubili okusebenza ezimpahleni zezentengiselwano nezokuhlala.
I-ITC ikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali ezindaweni ezithengiswayo, ilanga, umoya nezinye izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo ngesikweletu sesikhathi esisodwa esinikezwa lapho amaphrojekthi ahlobene eba bukhoma.Ikhredithi eyisisekelo ye-ITC ilingana no-6% yenani eliyisisekelo lomkhokhintela endaweni efanelekayo, kodwa ingakhuphuka ibe ngu-30% uma umkhawulo othile wokufunda umsebenzi kanye nemikhawulo ekhona yamaholo ifinyelelwa ekwakhiweni, ekulungisweni noma ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi.Ngokuphambene, i-PTC iyimalimboleko yeminyaka eyi-10 yokukhiqiza ugesi ovuselelekayo ezindaweni ezifanele.
Isisekelo sekhredithi ye-PTC silingana ne-kWh ekhiqizwe futhi ithengiswe iphindwe nge-factory engu-$0.03 (£0.02) elungiselwe ukwehla kwamandla emali.I-PTC ingaphindaphindwa ngo-5 uma izidingo zokufunda ezingenhla kanye nezidingo ezikhona zamaholo kuhlangatshezwana nazo.
Lezi zikhuthazi zingengezwa ngekhredithi yentela engu-10% eyengeziwe ezindaweni ngokomlando ezihlotshaniswa nezindawo zokuphehla amandla angavuselelwa, njengezinkundla ezindala, izindawo ezisebenzisa noma ezithola imali yentela ebalulekile evela emithonjeni yamandla angavuseleleki, nalapho kuvalwe khona izimayini zamalahle.Izimalimboleko ezengeziwe "zomvuzo" zingahlanganiswa kuphrojekthi, njengemalimboleko ye-ITC engamaphesenti angu-10 yamaphrojekthi omoya nelanga atholakala emiphakathini ehola kancane noma emazweni ezizwe.
Ezindaweni zokuhlala, ama-IRA aphinde agxile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo samandla.Isibonelo, abathuthukisi bezindlu bangathola imalimboleko engu-$2,500 kuya ku-$5,000 ngeyunithi ngayinye ethengisiwe noma eqashiwe.
Kusukela kumaphrojekthi ezimboni kuya ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nezakhiwo zokuhlala, i-IRA ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda entsha yamandla kanye nokwehliswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa izinxephezelo zentela.
Njengoba sibona amazwe emhlabeni jikelele esebenzisa imithetho eqinisa kakhulu futhi ezama ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezintsha, inkinga yamanje yamandla iveze ukubaluleka kwalezi zinyathelo.Manje yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthi imboni yezindlu nezindlu iqhubeke nemizamo yayo futhi ikhombise ubuholi kulolu daba.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2023