Ngomhla ka-Agasti 17, Imithetho Emisha Yebhethri ye-EU “Imithetho Yebhethri Nemfucuza Yebhethri” (EU No. 2023/1542, kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi: Umthetho Omusha Webhethri) izosetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni futhi isetshenziswe ngoFebhuwari 18, 2024.
Mayelana nenjongo yokukhishwa komthetho omusha webhethri, i-European Commission yathi ngaphambilini: “Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwamasu kwebhethri, nikeza isiqiniseko esingokomthetho kubo bonke abahlinzeki abahlobene futhi ugweme ukucwasa, imigoqo yokuhweba kanye nokuhlanekezela emakethe yamabhethri.Imithetho yokusimama, ukusebenza, ukuvikeleka, ukuqoqwa, ukugaywa kabusha, nokusetshenziswa kwesibili kokusetshenziswa kwesibili, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olumayelana nolwazi lwebhethri kubasebenzisi bokugcina kanye nabasebenzi bezomnotho.Kuyadingeka ukusungula uhlaka lokulawula oluhlangene ukuze ubhekane nawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yebhethri.”
Indlela entsha yebhethri ilungele zonke izigaba zamabhethri, okungukuthi, ihlukaniswe izigaba ezinhlanu ngokuya ngokuklama kwebhethri: ibhethri eliphathwayo, ibhethri le-LMT (ithuluzi lokuhamba elikhanyayo ibhethri Light Means of Transport Battery), ibhethri le-SLI (ukuqala , Ukukhanyisa nokuthungela Ibhethri Ukuqala, Ibhethri Lokukhanyisa kanye Nelokuthungela, Ibhethri Yezimboni kanye Nebhethri Lemoto Kagesi Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyunithi/imojula yebhethri engakahlanganiswa kodwa efakwe emakethe nayo ifakiwe ohlwini lokulawula lwebhili. .
Indlela entsha yebhethri ibeka phambili izidingo eziyisibopho zazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhethri (ngaphandle kwezempi, i-aerospace, namabhethri wamandla enuzi) kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamabhethri emakethe ye-EU.Lezi zidingo zihlanganisa ukusimama nokuvikeleka, ilebula, ulwazi, ukukhuthala, ipasipoti yebhethri, ukuphathwa kwebhethri elilahlwayo, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela entsha yebhethri icacisa izibopho nezibopho zabakhiqizi, abangenisa kwamanye amazwe, nabasabalalisi bamabhethri nemikhiqizo yebhethri. , futhi isungula izinqubo zokuhlola ukuhambisana nezidingo zokuqondisa izimakethe.
Isandiso sesibopho somkhiqizi: Indlela entsha yebhethri idinga ukuthi umenzi webhethri athwale isibopho esiphelele somjikelezo wempilo webhethri ngaphandle kwesigaba sokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukugaywa kabusha nokucubungula amabhethri alahliwe.Abakhiqizi badinga ukukhokhela izindleko zokuqoqa, ukucubungula kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri alahlwayo, futhi banikeze ulwazi olufanele kubasebenzisi kanye nabacubungula ama-opharetha.
Ngokuhlinzeka ngamakhodi ebhethri e-QR namaphasipoti edijithali, indlela entsha yebhethri yethule ilebula yebhethri nezimfuneko zokudalulwa kolwazi, kanye nezidingo zamaphasipoti edijithali yebhethri namakhodi e-QR.Ukugaya kabusha okuqukethwe nolunye ulwazi.Kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Julayi 2024, okungenani ulwazi lomkhiqizi webhethri, imodeli yebhethri, izinto zokusetshenziswa (okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezivuselelekayo), ingqikithi yezinyathelo zekhabhoni, izinyathelo ze-carbon foot, imibiko yesitifiketi senkampani yangaphandle, izixhumanisi ezingabonisa izinyathelo ze-carbon, njll. I-Essence Kusukela ngo-2026, wonke amabhethri emoto kagesi asanda kuthengwa, amabhethri amancane okuthutha kanye namabhethri amakhulu ezimboni, ibhethri elilodwa lidlula i-2kWh noma ngaphezulu, kufanele libe nepasipoti yebhethri ukuze ingene emakethe ye-EU.
Umthetho omusha webhethri ubeka amazinga okuthola kabusha kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri alahlwayo.Ithagethi yokugaywa kabusha isethelwe ukuzuza izinga elithile lokubuyisela kanye nempokophelo yokutholwa kwezinto ngesikhathi esithile ukuze kuncishiswe ukumoswa kwezinsiza.Umthetho omusha webhethri ucacile.Ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2025, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kufanele kufinyelele okungenani imigomo emihle yokutakula: (A) ibale ngesisindo esimaphakathi, bese iphinda igaywe kabusha u-75% webhethri le-lead -acid;Izinga lokubuyisela lifinyelela ku-65%;(C) ukubala ngesisindo esijwayelekile, izinga lokutakula lamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium lifinyelela ku-80%;(D) bala isisindo esimaphakathi samanye amabhethri alahlwayo, futhi izinga lokuthola kabusha lifinyelela ku-50%.2. Ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela, 2030, ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kufanele kufinyelele okungenani lezi zinhloso ezilandelayo zokusebenzisa kahle kabusha: (a) ukubala ngesilinganiso sesisindo bese ugaya kabusha u-80% webhethri le-lead-acid;%.
Mayelana nemigomo yokuphinda isetshenziswe kabusha, indlela entsha yebhethri icacile.Ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2027, wonke umjikelezo kufanele ufinyelele okungenani imigomo yokutakula impahla elandelayo: (A) I-Cobalt ingu-90%;c) Okuqukethwe okuholayo ngama-90%;(D) i-lithium ingu-50%;(E) okuqukethwe kwe-nickel kungu-90%.2. Ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2031, wonke ama-re-cycles kufanele afinyelele okungenani lezi zinhloso ezilandelayo zokugaywa kabusha kwezinto: (A) Okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt kungu-95%;(b) u-95% wethusi;) I-Lithium ingu-80%;(E) Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel kungu-95%.
Nciphisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi njenge-mercury, i-cadmium nomthofu kumabhethri ukuze unciphise umthelela wawo endaweni ezungezile nempilo.Isibonelo, indlela entsha yebhethri icacile ukuthi noma isetshenziselwa izinto zikagesi, izinto zokuhamba kalula, noma ezinye izimoto, ibhethri akumele leqe u-0.0005% ngokuqukethwe kwe-mercury (emelwe i-mercury metal) kumitha yesisindo.Okuqukethwe kwe-cadmium kwamabhethri aphathekayo akufanele kudlule u-0.002% (emelwe i-cadmium yensimbi) ngokuya ngemitha yesisindo.Kusukela ngomhla ka-18 Agasti 2024, okuqukethwe okuholayo kwamabhethri aphathekayo (noma ngabe akudivayisi noma cha) akumele kudlule u-0.01% (omelwe umthofu wensimbi), kodwa ngaphambi komhla ka-18 Agasti 2028, umkhawulo awusebenzi kubhethri ephathekayo ye-zinc -Frot. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-31-2023