Okubizwa ngokuthi "Ama-Musketeers Amathathu" ezimoto zamandla amasha abhekisela ezindleleni zamandla ezintathu ezihlukene: i-fuel cell, amandla ayingxube kanye namandla kagesi ahlanzekile.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, imodeli kagesi ehlanzekile "Tesla" ishanele umhlaba wonke.Ama-hybrid brand asekhaya afana ne-BYD [-0.54% Fund Research Report] “Qin” nawo ayadlondlobala.Kubonakala sengathi phakathi kwama-"Musketeers Amathathu", Amaseli kaphethiloli kuphela asebenze kahle kancane.EMbukisweni wezimoto waseBeijing okhona njengamanje, inqwaba yamamodeli amasha kaphethiloli asephenduke “izihlabani” zombukiso.Lesi simo sikhumbuza abantu ukuthi kusondela kancane kancane ukumakethwa kwezimoto ezithwala uphethroli.Amasheya kafuel cell concept emakethe ye-A-share ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-SAIC Motor [-0.07% Fund Research Report] (600104), ethuthukisa izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli;izinkampani ezinamasheya zezinkampani zamaseli kaphethiloli, njenge-Jiangsu Sunshine, umnikazi wamasheya omkhulu we-Shenli Technology [-0.94% Funding Research Report] (600220) kanye ne-Great Wall Electric [-0.64% Funding Research Report] (600192), enamasheya e-Xinyuan Amandla, kanye Namandla eNarada [-0.71% Umbiko Wokucwaninga Ngezimali] (300068);kanye nezinye izinkampani ezihlobene nochungechunge lwezimboni Enterprises, ezifana ne-Huachang Chemical [-0.90% Funding Research Report] (002274), ebambe iqhaza ejentini yokunciphisa "i-sodium borohydride", kanye ne-Kemet Gas [0.46% Umbiko Wokucwaninga Ngezimali] (002549), enamandla okunikezela nge-hydrogen.“I-fuel cell iwukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuphambene namanzi e-electrolyzing.I-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kuhlanganisa amanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi.Ngokombono, ama-fuel cell angasetshenziswa nomaphi lapho kusetshenziswa khona ugesi.”Engxoxweni nentatheli yeSecurities Times, iPhini likaMenenja Jikelele weShenli Technology uZhang Ruogu uqale ngalokhu.Kuyaqondakala ukuthi isiqondiso esiyinhloko senkampani wucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokwenza izimboni kwamaseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen proton exchange ulwelwesi nobunye ubuchwepheshe, obufaka izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yamaseli kaphethiloli ngezinjongo ezihlukene.I-Jiangsu Sunshine kanye ne-Fosun Pharma [-0.69% Umbiko Wocwaningo Lwesikhwama] ngokulandelanayo babambe izintshisekelo zabo zokulingana ezingu-31% nezingu-5%.Nakuba kunezinkambu eziningi ezisebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kwama-fuel cell cell akulula.Ngaphandle kwabakhiqizi bezimoto abazimisele ngokuthuthukisa umqondo wezimoto ezithwala uphethiloli, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-fuel cell kweminye imikhakha kusahamba kancane.Njengamanje, izici ezifana nezindleko eziphakeme kanye nenani elincane leziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen, ukuntuleka kwezingxenye ezisekelayo, nobunzima bokuphindaphinda amasampula angaphandle kuseyizizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani amangqamuzana kaphethiloli kunzima ukuthengisa emakethe yaseShayina.Izimoto ezisetshenziswa ngamafuel cell ziyeza maduze Kulo mbukiso wezimoto i-Beijing, i-SAIC Group entsha esanda kukhululwa i-Roewe 950 i-plug-in fuel cell sedan idonse ukunaka okukhulu.Umzimba oshintshashintshayo omhlophe qhwa kanye nesembozo sekhompathimenti yenjini eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonisa ngale sibonisa ngokugcwele isistimu yamandla yangaphakathi yemoto, iheha ababukeli abaningi.Okugqame kakhulu ngale moto entsha ukuthi ifakwe i-dual power system okuyi-battery ne-fuel cell.Ikakhulukazi i-hydrogen fuel cell futhi ilekelelwa ngebhethri.Ibhethri lingashajwa ngohlelo lwamandla egridi yedolobha.Kubikwa ukuthi i-SAIC Motor ingase izuze ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu encane yezimoto zama-fuel cell ngo-2015. Ngokuvamile, amandla ayingxube yezimoto ezintsha zamandla abhekisela ekuhlanganiseni kwamandla omlilo angaphakathi namandla kagesi, kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-SAIC kwe-fuel cell + imodi kagesi omunye umzamo omusha.NgokukaGan Fen, imenenja-jikelele yomnyango we-New Energy Technology Department we-SAIC Motor, lo mklamo usekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi uma imoto ye-fuel cell igijima, idinga ukusebenzisa i-fuel cell uma igcwele futhi idla amandla aphelele.Amandla adingekayo makhulu kakhulu, izindleko ziphezulu, futhi isikhathi sokuphila sizoncishiswa..Izimoto ezixhunywe ku-fuel cell zingaqinisekisa izindleko eziphansi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zifakwe amasistimu amabili, izindleko zisephezulu kunezimoto ezijwayelekile zikagesi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iToyota iphinde yaveza imoto yomqondo ye-FCV efakwe i-hydrogen fuel cell kulo mbukiso wezimoto.Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kwaToyota bahlela ukwethula inqwaba yama-sedan ase-fuel cell eJapan, e-United States nase-Europe ngo-2015, futhi banethemba lokuthi ukuthengiswa konyaka kwalolu hlobo kuzodlula amayunithi angu-10 000 ngo-2020. Mayelana nezindleko, uToyota uthe ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izindleko zale moto zehliswe cishe ngo-95% uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonelo zakuqala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwaHonda bahlela ukwethula imoto ye-fuel cell enebanga elingamakhilomitha angama-500 ngo-2015, okuhloswe ngayo ukudayisa amayunithi angu-5,000 phakathi neminyaka emihlanu;AbakwaBMW nabo bazibophezele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto ezithwala uphethiloli;Inkampani yakwaHyundai yaseNingizimu Korea nayo yethule uhlobo olusha lwe-fuel cell.Sekuvele kunezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi;I-Mercedes-Benz Cars ihlela ukwethula imoto entsha ye-hydrogen fuel cell ngo-2017. Uma sibheka imiphumela yocwaningo nentuthuko kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi zalezi zinkampani zezimoto, i-2015 ingase ibe unyaka wokuqala wokumakethwa kwamaseli kaphethiloli kanye nezimoto zamandla e-hydrogen.Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezisekelayo kuyisithiyo “Empeleni, izimoto ziwumgwaqo onzima kakhulu wokuthuthukisa amaseli kaphethiloli.”UZhang Ruogu utshele izintatheli, “Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto zinezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme kakhulu zamaseli kaphethiloli, okudingeka abe mancane ngosayizi, asebenze kahle, futhi asheshe ukuphendula.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumele kwakhiwe iziteshi ezisekela i-hydrogen, futhi amazwe angaphandle nawo atshale imali eningi kulokhu.”Mayelana nalokhu, uchwepheshe we-International Hydrogen Energy Society uthe iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ziyindawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli.izithiyo.Njengezinsiza ezidingekayo zokusekela, ukusatshalaliswa kweziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen kunquma ukuthi izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli zingasetshenziswa yini ngemva kokukhiqizwa.Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ngasekupheleni kuka-2013, inani leziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke lafinyelela ku-208, kanti ezinye ezingaphezu kwekhulu zisalungiswa.Lezi ziteshi ze-hydrogenation zisatshalaliswa kakhulu ezifundeni ezinezakhiwo zenethiwekhi ye-hydrogenation zakuqala njenge-Europe, i-United States, ne-Japan.Kodwa-ke, iShayina isahlehlile, inesiteshi esisodwa kuphela se-hydrogenation ngasinye eBeijing naseShanghai.UMnu Ji ovela eMnyangweni Wezohwebo we-Xinyuan Power ukholelwa ukuthi i-2015 ithathwa yimboni njengonyaka wokuqala wokumakethwa kwezimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli, okungahlobene nokuthi inani elithile leziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen zakhiwe phesheya.I-Xinyuan Power iyibhizinisi lokuqala le-joint-stock fuel cell e-China, elizinikele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamangqamuzana kaphethiloli ezimoto, futhi selihlinzeke ngezinhlelo zamandla ezimotweni zikaphethiloli ze-SAIC Group izikhathi eziningi.Le nkampani yathi ukugxila ezimotweni zokufaka isicelo se-fuel cell, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuthi imboni yezimoto yezwe lami inkulu futhi ikhula ngokushesha, futhi inesidingo esiphuthumayo sobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla;ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe bukhulile futhi bungasetshenziswa kuma-fuel cell.Ukuhweba kwezimoto.Ngaphezu kwalokho, intatheli ifunde ukuthi ngaphezu kokusekela izinsiza ze-hydrogenation, ukuntuleka kwezingxenye ezisekelayo ezidingekayo kuma-fuel cell nakho kungenye yezingqinamba.Izinkampani ezimbili zama-fuel cell ziqinisekisile ukuthi umfula okhuphukayo kanye nozansi wochungechunge lwemboni ye-fuel cell alukaqedi, kanti ezinye izingxenye ezihlukile kunzima ukuzithola, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukudayiswa kwama-fuel cell.Le nkinga ayikaxazululwa ngokuphelele phesheya.Mayelana nezindleko, izinkampani eziningi zithe njengoba zonke izingxenye zingathengiswa, kunzima ukuxoxa ngezindleko zama-fuel cell e-China.Ngokuzayo, isikali sokukhiqiza sizoletha indawo enkulu yokwehliswa kwamanani, futhi ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehliswa kwenani lezinsimbi eziyigugu ezisetshenziswayo, izindleko zamaseli kaphethiloli zizokwehla kancane kancane.Kodwa ngokuvamile, ngenxa yezidingo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe, kunzima ukuthi izindleko zama-fuel cell zehle ngokushesha.Indlela yase-US-Japan inzima ukuyikopisha Ngaphezu kwezimoto, ziningi ezinye izindlela zokuthengisa zamaseli kaphethiloli.E-United States nase-Japan, lobu buchwepheshe buye benza isikali semakethe esithile ngezinye izindlela zokufaka isicelo.Kodwa-ke, izintatheli zifunde phakathi nezingxoxo ukuthi izindlela zokudayisa ezizanywe yi-United States ne-Japan okwamanje zinzima ukuzilingisa ekhaya, futhi azikho izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza ezifanele.I-Plug, inkampani yamaseli kaphethiloli yaseMelika, yaziwa njengesitoko sesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva kwe-Tesla, futhi intengo yamasheya inyuke izikhathi eziningana kulo nyaka.Ngekota yokuqala yalo nyaka, i-Plug yathola i-oda elikhulu elivela ku-Walmart futhi yasayina inkontileka yesevisi yeminyaka eyisithupha yokuhlinzeka ngamaseli kaphethiloli wamaforklift kagesi ezikhungweni eziyisithupha zokusabalalisa ze-Walmart eNyakatho Melika.Ngenxa yokuthi i-fuel cell ine-zero emission kanye nezici zokungangcoli, ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-forklift yasendlini.Ayidingi ukushaja isikhathi eside, ingafakwa kabusha ngokushesha futhi isetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke inezinzuzo ezithile zokuncintisana.Kodwa-ke, ama-forklift cell cell awatholakali e-China okwamanje.Umholi wasekhaya we-forklift u-Anhui Heli [-0.47% Umbiko Wokucwaninga Ngezimali] uZhang Mengqing, unobhala webhodi labaqondisi, utshele izintatheli ukuthi ingxenye yamanje yamaforklift kagesi eChina iphansi futhi ayidumile njengaphesheya.Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zegebe: okokuqala, akukho ukuvinjelwa okuqinile kokukhishwa kwe-forklift yasendlini e-China njengamanye amazwe athuthukile;okwesibili, izinkampani zasekhaya zizwela kakhulu ngentengo yamathuluzi okukhiqiza.Ngokuka-Zhang Mengqing, “Ama-forklift kagesi asekhaya asekelwe ikakhulukazi kumabhethri aneasidi yomthofu, futhi ibhethri libala cishe u-1/4 wezindleko zayo yonke imoto;uma kusetshenziswa amabhethri e-lithium, angabalelwa ngaphezu kuka-50% wezindleko zeforklift.”Ama-forklift ebhethri ye-lithium asaphazanyiswa yizindleko eziphakeme, futhi amaseli kaphethiloli abiza kakhulu kunzima kakhulu ukwamukelwa yimakethe yasekhaya ye-forklift.Ukushisa okuhlanganisiwe kwekhaya laseJapan nesistimu yamandla isebenzisa igesi yemvelo yasekhaya ngemva kokuyilungisa ibe yi-hydrogen.Kubikwa ukuthi phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, i-fuel cell izokhiqiza amandla kagesi namandla okushisa ngesikhathi esifanayo.Ngenkathi ama-fuel cell water heaters eshisa amanzi, ugesi okhiqizwayo uxhunywe ngokuqondile kugridi yamandla futhi uthengwa ngentengo ephezulu.Ngokuhambisana noxhaso olukhulu lukahulumeni, inani lemizi yaseJapan esebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezifudumezi zamanzi zamaseli kaphethiloli lafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-20,000 ngo-2012. Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, nakuba lolu hlobo lwesifudumezi samanzi lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, intengo yalo iphezulu kakhulu. njengama-yuan angu-200,000, futhi okwamanje asikho isiguquli segesi yemvelo esincane esifanayo e-China, ngakho asihlangabezani nemibandela yokusungulwa kwezimboni.Sekuhlanganiswe ndawonye, ukuthengiswa kwamaseli kaphethiloli ezweni lami akukakaqali.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto zamandla e-hydrogen zisesesiteji "semoto yomqondo";ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza, kunzima kumaseli kaphethiloli ukufeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu nezentengiso esikhathini esifushane.Ngokuphathelene nethemba lekusasa lama-fuel cell eChina, uZhang Ruogu uyakholelwa: “Akukhona ukuthi iyiphi into engcono noma iyiphi imakethe engcono.Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ofaneleka kakhulu.”Amaseli amafutha asafuna izixazululo ezingcono.Indlela yokuhweba efanelekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-11-2023