Ukulungisa amabhethri emoto nawebhayisikili konga imali nezinsiza, kodwa izinkinga zibambezela ukukhula kwemboni
U-Rich Benoit uthola izingcingo cishe kathathu ngosuku kubanikazi be-Tesla Model S endala ibhethri layo seliqale ukwehluleka esitolo sakhe sezimoto, i-Electrified Garage.Amabhethri anganikeza ububanzi bamamayela angamakhulu ngokungazelelwe angahlala amamayela angu-50 kuphela ngokushajwa.Lezi zimoto ngokuvamile azifiki newaranti, futhi ukushintshwa kwebhethri kungabiza ngaphezulu kuka-$15,000.
Emikhiqizweni eminingi, ukulungisa kuyindlela yokonga kakhulu kunokushintsha.UBenoit, ophethe esinye sezitolo ezimbalwa ezizimele zokulungisa i-Tesla e-US, uthe amabhethri amaningi e-Tesla ayalungiseka ngokomqondo.Kodwa ngenxa yesikhathi nokuqeqeshwa okuhilelekile, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kanye nobunzima bokulungisa, uBenoit uthi ukulungisa ibhethri yemoto esitolo sakhe kungabiza imali efika ku-$10,000, okungaphezu kwalokho abathengi abaningi abazimisele ukukhokha.Esikhundleni salokho, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuthengisa noma ukulahla izimoto zabo ezindala bese bethenga i-Tesla entsha, esho.
“[Imoto] isicishe ifane nento edliwayo manje, njenge-TV,” kusho uBenoit.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kuka-Benoit kukhomba inkinga yokuthi abamukeli bokuqala bezimoto zikagesi namadivayisi ahamba kancane kagesi njengamabhayisikili e-e kanye nama-e-scooters aqala ukubhekana: Lezi zimoto ziqukethe amabhethri amakhulu, abizayo agcina engathengeki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ukukhiqiza kabusha lawa mabhethri kunganikeza izinzuzo zokusimama ngokonga amandla nezisetshenziswa ebezingasetshenziselwa ukwenza amabhethri amasha.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, eziqukethe amabhethri amakhulu kakhulu okumele asetshenziselwe iminyaka ukuvala ukukhishwa kwesikhutha okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Kodwa izimoto eziningi zikagesi namabhethri ezimoto zikagesi zenzelwe ukuba kube nzima ukuzilungisa, futhi abanye abakhiqizi bawuqeda ngentshiseko lo mkhuba, bekhuluma ngokukhathazeka kokuphepha.Izinkinga zedizayini, izidingo zokuphepha kanye nokushoda kwezingxenye kwenza kube nzima ngabakhenikha abambalwa abazimele abanikezwe umsebenzi wokusevisa imoto kagesi noma amabhethri e-e-bike ukuze bakwazi ukukhokhela ukulungiswa.
“Kunamabhethri amaningi kudoti angalungiseka,” kusho u-Timothée Rouffignac, ophethe inkampani encane yokulungisa amabhethri e-e-bike ebizwa ngokuthi i-Daurema eBrussels, eBelgium.Kodwa “ngenxa yokuthi azidalelwe ukulungiswa, kunzima ukuthola inani elihle.”
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion kuma-smartphones aqukethe "iseli" elihlanganisa i-graphite anode, i-cathode yensimbi kanye ne-electrolyte ewuketshezi evumela ukuthi i-lithium ion isuke kolunye uhlangothi iye kolunye, idale amandla kagesi.Amabhethri ebhayisikili kagesi ngokuvamile aqukethe inqwaba yamaseli.Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhethri emoto kagesi angaqukatha amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamaseli ngamanye, avame ukupakishwa abe “amamojula” bese ehlanganiswa abe amaphakethe ebhethri.Ngaphandle kwamaseli namamojula, amabhethri emoto kagesi kanye ne-e-bike ngokuvamile ahlanganisa uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri oluqapha impilo yebhethri futhi lulawule ukushaja nokukhipha amazinga.
Wonke amabhethri e-lithium-ion awonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi azodinga ukushintshwa.Kodwa-ke, uma ibhethri liqukethe amaseli amaningi ngamanye nezinye izingxenye, impilo yalo ngezinye izikhathi inganwetshwa ngokulungiswa, inqubo ehlanganisa ukuhlonza nokushintsha amaseli awonakele noma amamojula, kanye nokulungisa ezinye izingxenye ezinephutha, njengesistimu yokulawula ibhethri engalungile.Kwezinye izimo, imojuli eyodwa kuphela edinga ukushintshwa.Ukushintsha le moduli, esikhundleni sokushintsha ibhethri lonke, kunciphisa isidingo sezinsimbi ezifana ne-lithium, kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuhlobene nokukhiqiza ibhethri elishintshayo (noma imoto entsha).Lokhu kwenza ukulungiswa kwebhethri “kulungele umnotho oyindilinga (uhlelo olulondoloza futhi lusebenzise kabusha izinsiza),” kusho uGavin Harper, umcwaningi ofunda ngokusimama kwebhethri eNyuvesi yaseBirmingham e-UK.
Nakuba kungabizi ngempela, ungonga imali ngokuthi ibhethri lakho lilungiswe.Ngokuvamile, ukulungisa ibhethri le-EV kubiza cishe uhhafu wezindleko zebhethri elisha.I-Cox Automotive ilinganisela ukuthi kusukela yaqala ukunikeza izinsizakalo zokulungisa amabhethri e-EV ngo-2014, isilondoloze amabhethri angaphezu kwe-1 gigawatt-hora, anele ukunika amandla izimoto zikagesi ezintsha ezingaba ngu-17,000 kusukela ekusetshenzisweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
"Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ukulungisa kubiza kakhulu kunokushintsha," kusho uHelps etshela uGrist.
Kodwa ochwepheshe bathi ukulungiswa kwebhethri kuyingozi futhi akufanele kwenziwe ekhaya noma abantu abaqalayo.Uma ibhethri lilimele ngesikhathi lilungiswa, lingabangela ukujikeleza okufushane, okungase kubangele umlilo noma ukuqhuma.Ukwehluleka ukugqoka amagilavu kagesi aphezulu afanele lapho uzama ukulungisa kungase kubangele ukushaqeka kukagesi.Uma ungazi ukuthi wenzani, “udlala ngomlilo,” kusho uJohn Matna, umnikazi wesitolo sokulungisa amabhayisikili e-e-Chattanooga Electric Bike Co. Uphawule ukuthi amanye amabhethri ebhayisikili kagesi aqukethe “amandla anele ukubulala. umuntu."
Kuyasiza ukusho ukuthi ukulungiswa kabusha kwebhethri kudinga okungenani ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, ulwazi lukagesi, izinto zokuzivikela, kanye “nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwezakhiwo kanye nendlela amabhethri asebenza ngayo.”Labo abafuna ukulungisa amabhethri e-EV nabo badinga okokusebenza ukuze baphakamise imoto isuke phansi futhi bakhiphe ngokoqobo ibhethri, elingase libe nesisindo sezinkulungwane zamaphawundi.
"Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwazi noma okufanele bazame into efana nalena," kusho uBenoit.
Kodwa ngisho nalabo abanokuqeqeshwa okufanele bavame ukuba nobunzima bokulungisa imoto kagesi noma amabhethri e-e-bike ngenxa yokuklama kwawo.Amabhethri amaningi e-e-bike afika emabhokisini epulasitiki aqinile okunzima, noma okungenakwenzeka, ukuwavula ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye zangaphakathi.Ngaphakathi kwebhethri le-e-bike noma amamojula ebhethri e-EV ngamanye, amaseli avame ukunamathiselwa noma ashiselwe ndawonye, okwenza kube nzima noma kungenzeki ukushintshwa ngawodwa.Ukwengeza, njengombiko wango-2021 ovela ku-European Environment Agency ugqamisa, amanye amabhethri e-EV aqukethe isoftware engenza ukuthi ibhethri livaleke uma kunezimpawu zokuphazamisa.
Abakhiqizi bathi amabhethri abo aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukuqina nokusebenza, kodwa lokhu kungase kufike ngezindleko zokulungiseka, njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi abahlanganisa isikhathi sewaranti (imvamisa iminyaka emibili yemikhiqizo emikhulu kanye ne-e-bike brand) banikeza ukushintshwa mahhala. noma ngesaphulelo.amabhethri.Izimoto zikagesi zihlala iminyaka eyi-8 kuye kweyi-10 noma amamayela ayi-100,000).Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abagqugquzeli bokukhanda baphikisa ngokuthi amadizayini amamojula anezibophelelo ezibuyiseleka emuva njengeziqeshana ezikhiphekayo noma amateyipu anamathelayo awafaki ukuphepha engozini nokuthi izinzuzo zemiklamo yokulungisa zidlula kude izindleko.
Osopolitiki baseYurophu sebeqala ukulalela abameli.Ngo-Agasti, i-European Union yamukela isimiso esisha esihloselwe ukwenza amabhethri angabi nemvelo.Phakathi kokunye, kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzekwa okudinga ukuthi amabhethri asetshenziswa kuma-e-bike kanye nezinye “izimoto ezincane” ezifana nama-e-scooters ukuthi ziseviswe ochwepheshe abazimele, kuze kufike ezingeni leselula ngalinye.Imboni ye-e-bike yase-Europe imelene ngokuqinile nalo mthetho ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha, ukuqinisekiswa kwebhethri kanye nesibopho sezomthetho, futhi manje ibhekene nezinkinga zokuthi uthobela kanjani.
"Sisabheka ukuthi singahlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zemithetho yebhethri emisha ye-EU kuyilapho sibambelela ezimisweni zokuphepha ezisebenzayo kanye namazinga ethu ekhwalithi ephezulu," uBosch okhiqiza amabhethri e-e-bike etshela uGrist.U-Bosch uphawule izinselelo ezibhekene nabakhiqizi."Umkhuba ophambene uyabonakala e-United States," lapho "imithetho eqinile nezindinganiso eziphakeme zenziwa amabhethri namasistimu e-e-bike."
Eqinisweni, i-Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission isanda kumemezela ukuthi ibuyekeza imithetho yamabhayisikili e-e kanye namabhethri awo.Kuza ngemuva kwesigameko sakamuva sokusha kwamabhethri e-e-bike nakho kugqugquzele isenzo senqubomgomo yendawo.UMkhandlu WaseNew York usanda kushintsha ikhodi yawo yomlilo ukuze uvimbele “ukuhlanganiswa noma ukulungiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion” kumabhethri asetshenzisiwe avela kwamanye amabhethri, okuyinto abakhandi ngezinye izikhathi abayenzayo.
Idolobhakazi lisanda kuphasisa umthetho odinga abakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi amabhethri emikhiqizo yabo agunyazwe ngokwezinga lokuklama le-UL 2271, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha.Amabhethri akhiqizwe kabusha ahlangabezana nalezi zidingo, kusho u-Ibrahim Jilani, umqondisi womhlaba wonke wobuchwepheshe babathengi we-UL Solutions, inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe ehlola izindinganiso zesitifiketi sokuphepha ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yezimboni nezabathengi nezinto zokwakha.One Standard.Kodwa uGilani uthe izinkampani zokulungisa kuzofanele "zigcine umklamo njengoba wawunjalo ngaphambi kokulungiswa," okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amabhethri nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zokwakheka okufanayo kanye nemodeli.Izitolo ezilungisa amabhethri nazo kumele zihlolwe endaweni kane ngonyaka, okuzobiza imali engaphezu kuka-$5,000 ngonyaka, kusho uJilani.*
Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhayisikili kagesi, abenzi bomthetho baye bakhululeka mayelana nokulungisa amabhethri e-EV.Ayikho imithetho ethile noma iziqondiso e-United States ezidingida lolu daba.Imithetho emisha yebhethri ye-EU nayo ayikhulumi ngokulungiswa kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi, kodwa imane incoma ukuthi abenzi bomthetho babuyekeze imithetho yemoto ngayinye “ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lawa mabhethri angakhishwa, ashintshwe futhi ahlakazwe.”
Inhlangano yomshwalense yaseJalimane i-GDV "iwusekela kakhulu" lo mbono, kusho umkhulumeli etshela uGrist.Ngo-Okthoba, leli qembu lashicilela imiphumela yocwaningo oluthola ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zibiza ingxenye yesithathu ukuze zilungiswe kunezimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli eziqhathaniswayo, okuwumphumela ochazwe ngokwengxenye ngezindleko eziphakeme zokulungisa noma ukushintsha amabhethri.
"Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi ngeke bavumele ukulungiswa kwebhethri noma ibhokisi lebhethri lilimele kancane," kusho okhulumela i-GDV etshela uGrist.Abakhiqizi bezimoto kwesinye isikhathi banquma ukushintsha ibhethri uma imoto ibe sengozini lapho i-airbag isetshenziswe khona.Yomibili le mikhuba "ingaholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokulungisa" futhi ekugcineni amaphrimiyamu aphezulu omshwalense, kusho umkhulumeli.
Imithetho emisha yokulungisa amabhethri emoto kagesi iza ngesikhathi esibucayi.I-Cox Automotive's Helps ithe kukhona amathrendi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa ekwakhiweni kwebhethri le-EV: “Amabhethri azoba lula kakhulu ukuwanakekela noma ngeke akwazi nhlobo ukuwagcina.”
Amanye amabhethri, njengebhethri ye-Volkswagen ID.4, anamamojula esitayela se-Lego okulula ukuwakhipha nokuwashintsha.Amanye amaphakethe ebhethri, njengephakethe lebhethri elisha le-Tesla 4680, awanawo nhlobo amamojula.Esikhundleni salokho, wonke amaseli ahlanganiswe ndawonye futhi anamathiselwe kuphakethe lebhethri uqobo.Isiza ichaza lo mklamo “njengongenakulungiseka.”Uma kutholwa iphakethe lebhethri elilimele, lonke ibhethri kufanele lishintshwe.
“Kuseyibhethri eligaywa kabusha ngokuphelele,” kusho uHelps.“Awukwazi nje ukukulungisa.”
Le ndatshana yashicilelwa okokuqala ngabakwaGrist, inhlangano yezindaba engenzi nzuzo ekhuluma ngesimo sezulu, ubulungiswa nezisombululo.
I-Scientific American iyingxenye ye-Springer Nature, engumnikazi noma enobudlelwano bezentengiso nezinkulungwane zokushicilelwe kwesayensi (okuningi kwakho kungatholakala kokuthi www.springernature.com/us).I-Scientific American igcina inqubomgomo eqinile yokuzimela kokuhlela ekubikeni intuthuko yesayensi kubafundi bethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-26-2023