Amabhethri e-lithium atholakala yonke indawo emsebenzini nasempilweni yethu.Kusukela kumishini kagesi efana nomakhalekhukhwini namalaptop kuya ezimotweni zamandla amasha, amabhethri e-lithium-ion atholakala ezimeni eziningi.Ngosayizi wabo omncane, ukusebenza okuzinzile, nokusetshenziswa kabusha okungcono, basiza abantu ukuthi basebenzise amandla ahlanzekile kangcono.
Eminyakeni yamuva, i-China ingene phambili emhlabeni ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe okubalulekile, ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-sodium ion.
Inzuzo enkulu yokugcina
Njengamanje, isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical esimelelwe amabhethri e-lithium-ion sisheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwawo.Amabhethri e-lithium ion anamandla athile aphezulu, amandla athile, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, kanye nogesi ophumayo, futhi anempilo ende yesevisi kanye nokuzikhipha okuncane, okuwenza abe ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokugcina amandla.Ngokuncishiswa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza, amabhethri e-lithium-ion afakwa ngezinga elikhulu emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical, anomfutho oqinile wokukhula.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, amandla amasha afakiwe okugcina amandla amasha e-China akhuphuke ngo-200% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2022. Amaphrojekthi wezinga le-megawatt angaphezu kwamakhulu angu-20 azuze ukusebenza okuxhunywe kugridi, nebhethri ye-lithium. ukugcinwa kwamandla okubalelwa ku-97% wesamba somthamo omusha ofakiwe.
“Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuzilolongeni nasekusebenziseni uguquko olusha lwamandla.Ngokwengqikithi yesu eliqondiswe kwikhabhoni ekabili, indawo yokugcina amandla entsha yaseChina ithuthuke ngokushesha.”U-Sun Jinhua, isazi se-European Academy of Sciences kanye noprofesa e-University of Science and Technology of China, washo ngokucacile ukuthi isimo samanje sokugcina amandla amasha silawulwa "i-lithium eyodwa".
Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuningi bokugcina amandla e-electrochemical, amabhethri e-lithium-ion athathe isikhundla esiphezulu emishinini ye-elekthronikhi ephathekayo nezimoto zamandla amasha, akha uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele.Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushiyeka kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuye kwakhanga ukunaka.
Ukushoda kwezinsiza kungenye yazo.Ochwepheshe bathi ngokombono wembulunga yonke, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza ze-lithium akulingani ngokwedlulele, futhi cishe i-70% isatshalaliswa eNingizimu Melika, kanti izinsiza ze-lithium zaseChina zibalelwa ku-6% kuphela wengqikithi yomhlaba.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri yokugcina amandla obungathembeli ezinsizeni ezingavamile futhi enezindleko eziphansi?Izinga lokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina amandla obumelwe amabhethri e-sodium ion liyakhula ngesivinini.
Ngokufana namabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-sodium ion amabhethri esibili ancike kuma-ion e-sodium ukuhamba phakathi kwama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile ukuze aqedele ukushaja nokukhipha imisebenzi.U-Li Jianlin, uNobhala Jikelele weKomidi Lamazinga Okugcina Amandla we-Chinese Electrotechnical Society, uthe emhlabeni jikelele, izinqolobane zesodium zidlula kude izinto ze-lithium futhi zisakazwa kabanzi.Izindleko zamabhethri e-sodium ion zingama-30% -40% aphansi kunalawo amabhethri e-lithium.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhethri e-sodium ion anokuphepha okungcono nokusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nempilo yomjikelezo omude, okwenza kube umzila obalulekile wezobuchwepheshe wokuxazulula iphuzu elibuhlungu elithi "i-lithium eyodwa ibusa".
Amathemba amahle ezimboni
I-China ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamabhethri e-sodium ion.Ngo-2022, i-China izofaka amabhethri e-sodium ion oHlelweni Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Bezinto Ezintsha Emkhakheni Wamandla, okusekela ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemishini yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko yamabhethri e-sodium ion.NgoJanuwari 2023, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye neminye iminyango eyisithupha ngokuhlanganyela yakhipha Imibono Eqondisayo Yokuthuthukisa Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezogesi Zamandla, icacisa ukuqiniswa kwempumelelo yezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zamabhethri amasha okugcina amandla, ucwaningo kanye nempumelelo ezintweni ezibalulekile. ubuchwepheshe obufana nempilo ende kakhulu kanye namasistimu ebhethri okuphepha okuphezulu, ubukhulu, umthamo omkhulu, nokugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo, kanye nokusheshisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zamabhethri ezifana namabhethri e-sodium ion.
U-Yu Qingjiao, uNobhala Jikelele weZhongguancun New Battery Technology Innovation Alliance, uthe unyaka ka-2023 waziwa ngokuthi “unyaka wokuqala wokukhiqizwa ngobuningi” kwamabhethri e-sodium embonini, futhi imakethe yebhethri ye-sodium yaseChina iyakhula.Ngokuzayo, amabhethri e-sodium azoba isengezo esinamandla kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium emikhakheni emincane eminingi njengezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili noma amathathu, isitoreji samandla sasendlini, isitoreji samandla ezimbonini nezokuhweba, kanye nezimoto zamandla amasha.
NgoJanuwari walo nyaka, uhlobo lwemoto entsha yaseShayina i-Jianghuai Yttrium ilethe imoto yokuqala yebhethri ye-sodium emhlabeni.Ngo-2023, amaseli ebhethri e-sodium ion esizukulwane sokuqala se-CATL asungulwa futhi ahlala.Iseli yebhethri ingashajwa ekamelweni lokushisa imizuzu engu-15, ngomthamo webhethri ongaphezu kwama-80%.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izindleko ziphansi, kodwa uchungechunge lwemboni luzozuza ukushaja okuzimele nokulawulekayo.
Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, iNational Energy Administration yamemezela iphrojekthi yokubonisa ukugcinwa kwamandla amasha.Phakathi kwamaphrojekthi asohlwini olufushane angama-56, kunamaphrojekthi amabili ebhethri ye-sodium ion.Ngokubona kukaWu Hui, uMongameli we-China Battery Industry Research Institute, inqubo yokwenziwa kwezimboni yamabhethri e-sodium ion ithuthuka ngokushesha.Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2030, isidingo somhlaba wonke sokugcinwa kwamandla sizofinyelela cishe ku-1.5 terawatt amahora (TWh), futhi amabhethri e-sodium ion kulindeleke ukuthi athole indawo yemakethe ebalulekile."Kusukela ekugcinweni kwamandla kwegridi kuya endaweni yokugcina amandla ezimbonini nezohwebo, bese kuthi endlini kanye nesitoreji samandla esiphathwayo, wonke umkhiqizo wokugcina amandla uzosebenzisa kakhulu ugesi we-sodium esikhathini esizayo," kusho uWu Hui.
Indlela ende yokufaka isicelo
Njengamanje, amabhethri e-sodium ion athola ukunakwa emazweni ahlukahlukene.I-Nihon Keizai Shimbun yake yabika ukuthi ngoZibandlela wezi-2022, amalungelo obunikazi aseShayina emkhakheni wamabhethri e-sodium ion abe ngaphezu kuka-50% wawo wonke amalungelo obunikazi asebenzayo emhlabeni, kanti i-Japan, i-United States, iNingizimu Korea ne-France zikleliswe endaweni yesibili kuya kweyesihlanu ngokulandelana.USun Jinhua uthe ngaphezu kokuthi iShayina isheshisa ngokusobala impumelelo kanye nokusebenzisa ngezinga elikhulu ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-sodium ion, amazwe amaningi ase-Europe, eMelika nase-Asia afake namabhethri e-sodium ion ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa amabhethri okugcina amandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-26-2024