Ukuphendula icala le-EU elithi "anti-dumping" elibhekene nezinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic, uMnyango Wezentengiselwano usubize ngokuphuthumayo izinkampani ezine ezinkulu zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic, okuhlanganisa i-Yingli, i-Suntech, i-Trina kanye ne-Canadian Solar, e-Beijing ukuzoxoxa ngezinyathelo eziphikisanayo.Lezi zikhondlakhondla ezine zithumele “Umbiko Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Wophenyo Lwe-EU Lokulwa Nokulahlwa Kwemikhiqizo yaseChina ye-Photovoltaic, oluzolimaza kakhulu imboni yezwe lami.”“Umbiko” ucele uhulumeni waseChina, izimboni, kanye namabhizinisi ukuthi “bathathu koyedwa” njengoba uphenyo lwe-EU olumelene nokulahlwa lungena esibalweni sezinsuku ezingama-45.Phendula ngokuqhubekayo futhi wakhe izinyathelo zokuphikisa.
"Lena inselelo enzima kakhulu ebhekene nemboni yezamandla entsha yaseChina ngemuva kokuthi i-United States yethule uphenyo 'lwe-double-reverse' lwemikhiqizo yamandla omoya yaseChina nezinkampani ze-photovoltaic."UShi Lishan, isekela lomqondisi woMnyango Wezamandla Amandla Avuselelwayo weNational Energy Administration Engxoxweni nentatheli, uthe amandla amasha athathwa njengomgogodla wenguquko yesithathu yezimboni emhlabeni wonke, kanye nemboni yamandla entsha yaseChina, emelwe. ngama-photovoltaics namandla omoya, athuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva futhi uye wahola emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.Amazwe ase-Europe naseMelika aqale ngokulandelana “izinyathelo zokulwa ezikabili” ngokumelene namandla amasha e-China.Ngokusobala, ingxabano yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ekuhlaziyeni okujulile, kuyimpi yokuncintisana ngamathuba kuguquko lwesithathu lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke.
I-United States ne-Europe ziqalise ngokulandelana izenzo “zokuhlehla kabili” ngokumelene neChina, nokubeka ukusinda kwemboni ye-photovoltaic engcupheni.
NgoJulayi 24, inkampani yaseJalimane i-Solarw orld nezinye izinkampani zahambisa isikhalazo kuKhomishana yaseYurophu, zicela uphenyo oluphikisana nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo yaseShayina ye-photovoltaic.Ngokwenqubo, i-EU izothatha isinqumo sokuthi icala lizolivula yini zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-45 (ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba).
Lokhu kungokunye ukuhlaselwa kwemikhiqizo yamandla emisha yaseShayina ngumphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ngemuva kwe-United States.Ngaphambilini, uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US wenze izinqumo ezilandelanayo zokulwa nokulahla nokulahla emikhiqizweni yaseShayina ye-photovoltaic namandla omoya athunyelwa e-United States.Phakathi kwazo, imisebenzi ejezisayo yokulwa nokulahla i-31.14% -249.96% ikhokhiswa emikhiqizweni yaseShayina ye-photovoltaic;imisebenzi yesikhashana yokulwa nokulahlwa kuka-20.85% -72.69% kanye no-13.74% -26% ikhokhiswa emibhoshongweni yamandla omoya yezinga lesicelo laseShayina.Emisebenzini yesikhashana yokuphikisa, izinga lentela eliphelele lemisebenzi ephindwe kabili yokuphikisa kanye nemisebenzi yokuphikisa ifinyelela ku-98.69%.
"Uma kuqhathaniswa necala lase-US eliphikisana nokulahlwa, icala le-EU lokulwa nokulahlwa linobubanzi obubanzi, libandakanya inani elikhulu, futhi libeka izinselelo ezinzima embonini ye-photovoltaic yaseChina."U-Liang Tian, umqondisi wobudlelwane bomphakathi we-Yingli Group, utshele izintatheli ukuthi icala le-EU lokulwa nokulahla Icala lihlanganisa yonke imikhiqizo yelanga evela eChina.Kubalwa ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni zesistimu zama-yuan angu-15 ngewathi ngayinye yokuphumayo ngonyaka odlule, isamba sevolumu safinyelela cishe ku-yuan esisigidigidi esisodwa, futhi ububanzi bethonya landa kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-EU iyimakethe enkulu yaphesheya kwezilwandle yemikhiqizo yamaShayina ye-photovoltaic.Ngo-2011, inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina phesheya kwezilwandle lalilinganiselwa ku-$35.8 billion, kanti i-EU ibala ngaphezu kwama-60%.Ngamanye amazwi, icala le-EU lokulwa nokulahlwa lizobandakanya inani lokuthekelisa elingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-20 zamadola aseMelika, elisondele nenani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwezimoto eziphelele zaseChina ezivela e-EU ngo-2011. Kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu Uhwebo lwe-China-EU, ipolitiki kanye nomnotho.
U-Liang Tian ukholelwa ukuthi uma icala le-EU lokulwa nokulahla selisunguliwe, lizobangela umonakalo olimazayo ezinkampanini zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic.Okokuqala, i-EU kungenzeka ukuthi ibeke amanani aphezulu emikhiqizweni yaseShayina ye-photovoltaic, okwenza izinkampani zezwe lami ze-photovoltaic zilahlekelwe inzuzo yazo yokuncintisana futhi ziphoqeleke ukuba zihoxise ezimakethe ezinkulu;okwesibili, ubunzima bokusebenza obubhekene nezinkampani ezibalulekile ze-photovoltaic zizoholela ekuqoqweni kwezinkampani ezixhumene nazo, izikweletu zasebhange ezilimele, nokungasebenzi kwabasebenzi.kanye nochungechunge lwezinkinga ezinkulu zezenhlalo nezomnotho;okwesithathu, njengemboni yamasu esafufusa yezwe lami, izinkampani ze-photovoltaic ziye zavinjelwa ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo, okuzobangela ukuthi isu lezwe lami lokuguqula izindlela zokuthuthukisa umnotho kanye nokutshala amaphuzu amasha okukhula komnotho lilahlekelwe ukwesekwa okubalulekile;futhi Okwesine, ukunyakaza kwe-EU kuzophoqa izinkampani zezwe lami ze-photovoltaic ukuthi zimise amafektri phesheya kwezilwandle, okwenza umnotho wangempela waseChina uthuthele phesheya.
“Leli kuzoba icala lokuvikelwa kwezohwebo elinenani elikhulu kunawo wonke, uhla lwezingozi ezibanzi kakhulu, kanye nomonakalo omkhulu wezomnotho emlandweni emhlabeni.Akusho nje ukuthi izinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina zizobhekana nenhlekelele, kodwa futhi kuzoholela ngokuqondile ekulahlekelweni kwenani lokukhipha elingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-350 zama-yuan, kanye nama-yuan angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-200.Ingozi yokubolekwa imali embi e-RMB yenze abantu abangaphezu kuka-300,000 kuya ku-500,000 balahlekelwa imisebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa.Kusho uLiang Tian.
Akekho onqobayo empini yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe.Ingxabano ye-photovoltaic akuyona nje i-China.
Ephendula icala le-EU elithi "anti-dumping" ngokumelene nemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina, ama-giants amane amakhulu e-photovoltaic e-China, eholwa ngu-Yingli, aphakamise "embikweni ophuthumayo" othunyelwe ku-Ministry of Commerce ukuthi izwe lami kufanele lisebenzise "ubuthathu" ukuxhumanisa futhi. ukuxhumana kukahulumeni, izimboni kanye namabhizinisi ukwenza izindlela zokulwa.isilinganiso.“Umbiko Wezimo Eziphuthumayo” ucela uMnyango Wezohwebo waseChina, uMnyango Wezezimali, Umnyango Wezangaphandle kanye nabaholi bakazwelonke bezinga eliphezulu ukuba baqale ngokushesha ukubonisana nezingxoxo ne-EU kanye namazwe afanelekile, benxusa i-EU ukuba iluyeke uphenyo.
Abekho abawinile ezimpini zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.Umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezohwebo u-Shen Danyang usanda kuphendula ku-EU's photovoltaic anti-dumping, wathi: "Uma i-EU ibeka imingcele emikhiqizweni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina, sikholelwa ukuthi izoba yingozi ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwemboni ye-photovoltaic ye-EU phezulu nomfula, futhi izoba yingozi. kungaba yingozi ekuthuthukisweni kwesu le-EU lekhabhoni ephansi., futhi akukhuthazi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani zamangqamuzana elanga azo zombili izinhlangothi, futhi kungase kuvele kuzidubule onyaweni.”
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izimboni ze-photovoltaic nezinye ezintsha zamandla sezivele zakha uchungechunge lwezimboni oluxube kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kanye nochungechunge lwenani, futhi wonke amazwe emhlabeni, kuhlanganise namazwe aseYurophu naseMelika, angawomphakathi wezintshisekelo ezinezinzuzo ezihambisanayo.
Ukuthatha ama-photovoltaics njengesibonelo, i-EU inezinzuzo ocwaningweni nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini;kuyilapho i-China inezinzuzo esikalini nasekukhiqizeni, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo okuningi kugxile ohlangothini lwengxenye.Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezihlobene e-EU nasemhlabeni, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla esetshenziswayo ehlobene ne-EU kanye nemishini eChina.Idatha yomphakathi ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2011, i-China yangenisa ama-US$764 wezigidi ze-polysilicon evela eJalimane, okubalelwa ku-20% wemikhiqizo efanayo evela e-China, yangenisa ama-US$360 wezigidi zokunamathisela esiliva, futhi yathenga cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-18 emishini yokukhiqiza evela eJalimane, eSwitzerland nase. amanye amazwe aseYurophu., ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zase-Europe ezikhuphukayo nezingezansi, futhi yadala imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-300,000 ku-EU.
Uma ama-photovoltaics aseChina eshayeke kanzima, imakethe yaseYurophu ochungechungeni lwezimboni ngeke isale.Ekuphenduleni lolu hlobo lwecala lokulwa nokulahla "elilimaza abantu abayikhulu futhi lizilimaza amashumi ayisishiyagalombili", izinkampani eziningi ze-photovoltaic zaseYurophu zinesikhundla esicacile sokuphikisa.Ukulandela inkampani yaseMunich WACKER, inkampani yaseJalimane uHeraeus nayo isanda kuveza ukuphikisa kwayo i-EU iqala uphenyo "lomgunyathi ophindwe kabili" ngokumelene neChina.UFrank Heinricht, ongusihlalo wale nkampani, uveze ukuthi ukufakwa kwentela okujezisayo kuzodala i-China ukuthi iphendule ngezinyathelo ezifanayo, akholelwa ukuthi "kuwukwephulwa okusobala komgomo wokuncintisana mahhala."
Ngokusobala, impi yezohwebo embonini ye-photovoltaic ekugcineni izoholela "ekulahlekelweni-ukulahlekelwa", okuwumphumela ongekho iqembu elizimisele ukukubona.
I-China kumele ithathe izinyathelo eziningi zokuthatha isinyathelo embonini entsha yamandla
“IShayina ayigcini nje ngokuba yizwe elihweba kwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi ingeyesibili emhlabeni ngokuthenga kwamanye amazwe.Ukuphendula izingxabano zezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ezicasulwe amazwe athile, iChina inezimo zokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanayo futhi iphendule ngenkuthalo. ”U-Liang Tian utshele izintatheli ukuthi uma ngalesi sikhathi i-EU ifake ngempumelelo icala lokulwa nokulahla ngokumelene ne-photovoltaics yaseChina.I-China kufanele yenze "izinyathelo zokubuyisana".Isibonelo, ingakhetha imikhiqizo evela kuhwebo lokuthekelisa lwe-EU oluya e-China emikhulu ngokwanele, ehilela ababambiqhaza abanele, noma enobuchwepheshe obuphezulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokulinganayo, futhi yenze izinyathelo zokumelana nazo ezihambisanayo."Ukuhlehla kabili" uphenyo kanye nesinqumo.
U-Liang Tian ukholelwa ukuthi impendulo ye-China ku-2009 Sino-US yecala lokuvikela amathayi inikeza isibonelo esiphumelelayo semithombo emisha yamandla njengama-photovoltaics.Ngalowo nyaka, uMongameli waseMelika u-Obama umemezele intela yeminyaka emithathu yesijeziso samasondo ezimoto namaloli amancane angeniswe evela eChina.Umnyango Wezohwebo wase-China unqume ukuqalisa ukubuyekeza “okuphindwe kabili” kweminye imikhiqizo yezimoto engenisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo yezinkukhu ezivela e-United States.Lapho izithakazelo zayo zilinyazwa, i-United States yakhetha ukuhlehla.
U-Shi Lishan, isekela lomqondisi woMnyango Wezamandla Omusha Novuselelwayo we-National Energy Administration, ukholelwa ukuthi kusukela ophenyweni lwangaphambilini “lwe-double-reverse” olwethulwe yi-United States ngokumelene nemikhiqizo yamandla omoya aseShayina kanye nezinkampani ze-photovoltaic kuya “ku-double-reverse” ye-EU ye-EU. icala ngokumelene nezinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic, Lena akuyona nje impi eyasungulwa yi-European Union ngokumelene namandla amasha ezwe lami njengemboni yamasu asafufusa, kodwa futhi ingxabano phakathi kwamazwe mayelana namandla amasha ekuguqukeni kwezimboni yesithathu.
Njengoba sonke sazi, izinguquko ezimbili zokuqala zezimboni emlandweni wesintu zincike ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.Kodwa-ke, amandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi angavuseleleki adale izinkinga zamandla ezikhulayo kanye nezinkinga zemvelo.Kuguquko lwesithathu lwezimboni, amandla amasha ahlanzekile futhi avuselelekayo adale izindawo ezintsha zokukhula komnotho futhi kwadlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ekulungisweni kwesakhiwo samandla.Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni athatha ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha njengemboni yamasu abalulekile ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho.Basungule ubuchwepheshe, bethula izinqubomgomo, futhi batshala izimali, belwela ukusebenzisa amathuba oguquko lwesithathu lwezimboni.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla omoya eShayina kudlule i-United States futhi kukleliswe kuqala emhlabeni, futhi imboni yayo yokukhiqiza amandla omoya iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni;Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina njengamanje yenza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 wamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, futhi isizuze ukugunyazwa kwemishini yayo engama-70%.Njengomphumela wezinzuzo ezintsha zamandla, amandla omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic kubekwe njengezimboni zamasu ezisafufusa zaseShayina.Zingezinye zezimboni ezimbalwa ezweni lami ezingabamba iqhaza ngesikhathi esisodwa emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe futhi zibe sezingeni elihamba phambili.Abanye abangaphakathi baveze ukuthi i-Europe ne-United States zicindezela izimboni zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic namandla omoya, ngomqondo othile, ukuze kunqandwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisafufusa zaseShayina kanye nokuqinisekisa isikhundla esiphambili se-Europe kanye ne-United States ezimbonini zamasu ezizayo.
Njengoba zibhekene nezingqinamba ezivela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Europe ne-United States, izimboni zamandla ezintsha zase-China ezifana ne-photovoltaics namandla omoya zingaphuma kanjani kule nkinga?U-Shi Lishan ukholelwa ukuthi okokuqala, kufanele sithathe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo ukuze siphendule ngenkuthalo inselele futhi silwele isinyathelo sempi yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe;okwesibili, kufanele sigxile ekulimeni Emakethe yasekhaya, kufanele sakhe imboni yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic kanye nomoya kanye nesistimu yesevisi esekelwe emakethe yasekhaya futhi eqondiswe emhlabeni jikelele;okwesithathu, kufanele sisheshise ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwasekhaya lukagesi, sihlakulele imakethe kagesi esabalalisiwe, futhi ekugcineni sakhe imodeli entsha yentuthuko esimeme esekelwe ezimakethe zasekhaya futhi esebenzela imakethe yomhlaba wonke.Uhlelo lwemboni yamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-18-2024