"Impisi embonini yebhethri yamandla iyeza."Muva nje, ikhathalogi evamile ekhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi yenze imboni yaphefumulela phezulu.
Ngokwe-“Catalogue of Recommended Models for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (11th Batch in 2019)”, izimoto zamandla amasha ezifakwe amabhethri atshalwe kwamanye amazwe zizothola uxhaso e-China okokuqala ngqa.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemva kokuqedwa “kohlu olumhlophe” lwebhethri ngoNhlangulana kulo nyaka, imakethe yebhethri yaseChina Dynamics (600482, Stock Bar) isivulele ngokusemthethweni ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.
Kunezimoto ezingu-26 eziphelele zabagibeli kumamodeli anconyiwe amenyezelwe ngalesi sikhathi, okuhlanganisa nezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile ezingama-22, okuhlanganisa neTesla pure electric sedan ezokhiqizwa eChina.Njengamanje, akukacaci ukuthi ngubani ozoba ngumhlinzeki webhethri kaTesla ngemuva kokukhiqizwa eChina.Nokho, ngemva kokungena kukhathalogi yoxhaso, amamodeli afanelekile cishe azothola uxhaso.Ngaphandle kukaTesla, izinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe iMercedes-Benz neToyota nazo zingene ohlwini olunconyiwe.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uxhaso lwaseShayina lwezimoto zamandla amasha luhlobene kakhulu nabakhiqizi bamabhethri anamandla akhethiwe.Ukuthwala amabhethri akhiqizwe izinkampani “ezigunyazwe” ibhethri nokufaka ikhathalogi enconyiwe ngenhla kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola uxhaso.Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimoto ezintsha zamandla angaphandle, ikakhulukazi i-Tesla, azizange zixhaswe.Izinkampani zasekhaya zezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nezinkampani zamabhethri anamandla nazo zijabulele “inkathi yewindi” yokuthuthuka ngokushesha iminyaka eminingana.
Nokho, ukuvuthwa kwangempela kwemboni akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlolwa kwemakethe.Njengoba ukuthengiswa kanye nobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla zikhula kancane kancane, iminyango efanele nayo iqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kusukela ekuqhutshweni kwenqubomgomo kuya emakethe.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uxhaso lwezimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha luye lwancishiswa unyaka nonyaka futhi luzohoxiswa ngokuphelele emakethe ekupheleni kuka-2020. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "uhlu olumhlophe" lwamabhethri kagesi nalo lwamenyezelwa ukuthi luzoqedwa ngo. ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka.
Ngokusobala, ngaphambi kokuthi uxhaso luhoxiswe ngokuphelele, imboni entsha yezimoto zamandla eChina izoqale ibhekane nokuncintisana nozakwabo bangaphandle, futhi imboni yamabhethri kagesi izothwala kanzima.
Ukukhululwa okuphelele kwamabhethri atshalwe kwamanye amazwe
Uma sibheka ikhathalogi yakamuva eshicilelwe, izinhlobo ezintsha zamandla emikhiqizo yangaphandle njengeTesla, Mercedes-Benz, neToyota zonke sezingene ohlelweni loxhaso.Phakathi kwazo, uTesla umemezele izinguqulo ezimbili zamamodeli afakwe kukhathalogi, ahambisana nokuminyana kwamandla esistimu yebhethri ehlukene kanye nezigaba zokuhamba.
Kungani kunomehluko onjalo kumodeli efanayo yeTesla?Lokhu kungase kuhlobene ngokwengxenye neqiniso lokuthi uTesla ukhethe abahlinzeki abangaphezu koyedwa.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, u-Tesla uvezwe ukuthi ufinyelele izivumelwano "ezingakhethekile" nezinkampani eziningi zebhethri yamandla.Okuhlosiwe “kwehlazo” kuhlanganisa i-CATL (300750, Stock Bar), LG Chem, njll.
Abahlinzeki bebhethri kaTesla bebelokhu bedidekile.Umbiko ovela eMnyangweni Wokucwaninga Wegatsha Lokucela Ibhethri Lamandla Lebhethri China.com uveze ukuthi amamodeli e-Tesla akhethwe kukhathalogi enconyiwe afakwe "amabhethri e-ternary akhiqizwa u-Tesla (Shanghai)."
I-Tesla ngempela ibikhiqiza amamojula ayo ebhethri, kodwa ubani ozohlinzeka ngamaseli?Isibukeli sesikhathi eside sikaTesla sihlaziye intatheli evela ku-21st Century Business Herald ukuthi isizathu esenza imodeli ibe nokuminyana kwamandla okubili kungenxa yokuthi ifakwe amaseli ebhethri (okungukuthi, amaseli) avela kuPanasonic ne-LG Chem.
"Kungokokuqala ngqa ukuthi imodeli efakwe amaseli ebhethri angaphandle ingene kukhathalogi yoxhaso."Lo muntu uveze ukuthi ngaphandle kukaTesla, izimoto ezimbili zaseBeijing Benz kanye ne-GAC Toyota nazo sezingenile ohlwini lomxhaso, kanti azikho kuzo ezifakwe amabhethri e-Domestic.
U-Tesla akazange aphendule kumaseli ebhethri enkampani ethile ayisebenzisayo, kodwa selokhu kwaqedwa “uhlu olumhlophe” lwebhethri lamandla, kuyindaba nje yesikhathi ukuthi amabhethri akhiqizwa izinkampani ezixhaswe ngemali yakwamanye amazwe nezimoto ezifakwe lawa mabhethri zizongena ikhathalogi yoxhaso.
NgoMashi 2015, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukhiphe “Izicaciso Zemboni Yebhethri Yamandla Ezimoto”, ezosebenzisa amabhethri akhiqizwa izinkampani ezigunyaziwe njengesimo esiyisisekelo sokuthola uxhaso lwezimoto zamandla amasha.Kusukela lapho, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uye wakhulula ngokulandelana amaqoqo amane amakhathalogi ebhizinisi akhiqiza amabhethri anamandla (okungukuthi, “Amabhethri Amandla Amhlophe”).List”), ukwakha “udonga” lwemboni yebhethri lamandla e-China.
Ulwazi lubonisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bamabhethri abangu-57 abakhethiwe yizo zonke izinkampani zasendaweni, futhi abakhiqizi bamabhethri baseJapane naseKorea njengePanasonic, Samsung, ne-LG Chem ngaphambili ayesetshenziswa yi-SAIC, Changan, Chery, nezinye izinkampani zezimoto abafakiwe.Ngenxa yokuthi zixhunywe kuxhaso, lezi zinkampani zamabhethri ezixhaswe kwamanye amazwe zingahoxa okwesikhashana kuphela emakethe yase-China.
Kodwa-ke, "uhlu olumhlophe" sekuyisikhathi eside lungaxhunywanga nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni.Intatheli ye-21st Century Business Herald phambilini ifunde ukuthi ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ukuqaliswa "kohlu lwabamhlophe" akuqinile kangako, futhi amanye amamodeli angasebenzisi amabhethri "adingekayo" nawo angenile kukhathalogi yomkhiqizo woMnyango Wezimboni. kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokugxila ezimakethe, Nokho, ezinye izinkampani “ezisohlwini lwabamhlophe” ziye zanciphisa amabhizinisi azo noma zawa.
Abahlaziyi bemboni bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhansela “uhlu olumhlophe” lwebhethri nokuvula imakethe yebhethri lamandla ukuze kutshalwe izimali zakwamanye amazwe kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthi izimoto zamandla ezintsha zase-China zisuke ekubeni ziqhutshwa inqubomgomo ziye emakethe.Kuphela uma izinkampani ezinamandla kakhulu zingena emakethe lapho amandla okukhiqiza angakhuliswa ngokushesha.Nokunciphisa izindleko nokufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwangempela kwezimoto zamandla amasha.
Ukumaketha kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile.Ukwengeza ekukhululweni “kohlu olumhlophe”, ukwehla kancane kancane kwezibonelelo kuyisinyathelo esiqondile sokuthuthukisa ukumaketha kwemboni.Uhlelo olusanda kumenyezelwa oluthi “Uhlelo Olusha Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezimoto Zamandla (2021-2035)” (okusalungiswa ukuze kuphawulwe) luphinde lusho ngokucacile ukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kahle nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezinkampani zamabhethri kagesi futhi kwandiswe ukugxilisa ingqondo embonini.
Ukunciphisa izindleko kubalulekile
Ngokusekelwa nokukhuthazwa kwezinqubomgomo zemboni, izinkampani eziningi zamabhethri asekhaya zikhule ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva, okuhlanganisa i-CATL, BYD (002594, Stock Bar), i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech (002074, Stock Bar), njll., okuhlanganisa i-Fuli , esanda kufika eBhodini Lokusungula Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe.Ubuchwepheshe bamandla.Phakathi kwabo, i-CATL isiphenduke "inkosi engaphezu" embonini.Idatha yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, isabelo semakethe yasekhaya ye-CATL sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-51%.
Ngaphansi komkhuba wokukhululeka kancane kancane kwemakethe, izinkampani zamabhethri kagesi ezixhaswe kwamanye amazwe zenze amalungiselelo e-China.Ngo-2018, i-LG Chem yethula iphrojekthi yokutshala imali yebhethri lamandla e-Nanjing, futhi i-Panasonic ihlela ukwenza ngokuqondile amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi embonini yayo yaseDalian.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi abahlinzeki bebhethri basekhaya bakwaTesla, iPanasonic ne-LG Chem, bobabili bayizinjongo zamahemuhemu adumile.Phakathi kwabo, iPanasonic inguzakwethu “ojwayelekile” kaTesla, kanti iTeslas eyenziwe eMelika ihlinzekwa ngabakwaPanasonic.
“Ukungazinqumeli” kukaTesla “nokulungiselela” kubonisa ukuncintisana okunamandla embonini yebhethri lamandla ngokwezinga elithile.Ngokuqondene nemikhiqizo yasendaweni ebilokhu ikhula ngokushesha emakethe yaseShayina iminyaka eminingana, ingabe ingabhekana nomncintiswano wemikhiqizo yangaphandle ngalesi sikhathi?
Umuntu osondelene nemboni yebhethri lamandla utshele intatheli ye-21st Century Business Herald ukuthi izinzuzo ezincintisanayo zamabhethri kagesi atshalwe kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko, okuye kwakha “izithiyo” ezithile emakethe.Ukuthatha i-Panasonic njengesibonelo, abanye abahlaziyi bezimboni babonisa ukuthi nakuba iphinde ikhiqize amabhethri e-lithium e-ternary, i-Panasonic isebenzisa ingxenye ehlukile yezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezingandisa amandla amandla ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje yentuthuko, ngokwanda kwesikali, izindleko zamabhethri asekhaya nazo ziye zehla unyaka nonyaka.Uma sithatha i-CATL njengesibonelo, intengo yesistimu yayo yebhethri yamandla yayingu-2.27 yuan/Wh ngo-2015, futhi yehla yaya ku-1.16 yuan/Wh ngo-2018, ngokwehla kwenhlanganisela yonyaka okucishe kube ngu-20%.
Izinkampani zamabhethri kagesi zasekhaya nazo zenze imizamo eminingi yokunciphisa izindleko.Isibonelo, kokubili i-BYD ne-CATL bathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-CTP (i-CelltoPack, iphekhi yebhethri yamandla angenawo amamojula), izama ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri ngedizayini yangaphakathi yephakethe lebhethri elilula kakhulu.Izinkampani ezifana ne-Yiwei Lithium Energy (300014, Stock Bar) nazo zibika embikweni waminyaka yonke u-Zhong uthe izinga lokuzenzakalelayo lomugqa wokukhiqiza kufanele lithuthukiswe ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko.
Ubuchwepheshe be-CTP busenobunzima obuningi okufanele bunqotshwe, kodwa izindaba zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi amaphakethe ebhethri e-CATL e-CTP angene esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwezentengiso ngamaqoqo.Emcimbini wokusayina ngoDisemba 6 wokujulisa ukusebenzisana kwamasu phakathi kwe-CATL ne-BAIC Amandla Asha, uZeng Yuqun, usihlalo we-CATL, uthe: “Ubuchwepheshe be-CTP buzohlanganisa zonke izinhlobo ezikhona nezizayo ze-BAIC New Energy.”
Ukuthuthukisa amazinga ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko yizindlela ezibalulekile.Izinkampani zamabhethri kagesi zaseShayina ezimelwe yi-CATL sezizoletha “ukubuyekezwa” kwangempela kwemakethe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-18-2023